杭州和泰安甜樱桃不同发育阶段花芽内含物及花芽质量的比较研究  

Comparative study on flower bud inclusion and quality in different development stages of sweet cherry from Hangzhou and Tai’an

作　　者：张琛[1] 刘辉[1] 郗笃隽[1] 裴嘉博[1] 黄康康[1] 骆慧枫 沈国正[1] ZHANG Chen;LIU Hui;XI Dujun;PEI Jiabo;HUANG Kangkang;LUO Huifeng;SHEN Guozheng(Institute of Horticulture,Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市农业科学研究院园艺研究所,杭州310024

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第8期1308-1318,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：杭州市科委重大自主设计项目(20180416A01);浙江省公益研究计划项目(LGN21C150005);杭州市农科院科技推广项目(2019HNCT-26)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较杭州和泰安地区甜樱桃在休眠前、休眠中、花芽萌动前花芽内营养物质含量与内源激素水平差异,对花芽萌动前两地区甜樱桃花芽内含物及其与花芽质量相关的综合分析,从生理水平揭示杭州地区花芽发育质量较低的原因。【方法】以低温需冷量不同的2个甜樱桃品种为试材,比较杭州和泰安地区相同甜樱桃品种在不同发育阶段花芽内含物水平差异,对花芽萌动前甜樱桃花芽内含物进行主成分分析并与花芽形态指标、花器官发育质量进行相关性分析。【结果】两地区甜樱桃在不同发育阶段花芽内含物有较大差异。杭州地区甜樱桃在进入休眠后花芽内淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量先大量增加后下降,还原糖含量基本稳定,泰安地区甜樱桃花芽内可溶性蛋白含量增加。在花芽萌动前,泰安甜樱桃(TS、TB)花芽内可溶性蛋白含量分别为杭州甜樱桃(HS、HB)的1.16、1.13倍,还原糖含量分别是其的2.00、1.59倍。主成分分析表明,在花芽萌动前,泰安地区甜樱桃花芽内含物水平较高。相关性分析表明,花芽萌动前花芽内含物水平与花芽大小及后期花器官发育质量相关。【结论】花芽萌动前,杭州地区甜樱桃花芽内营养物质贮备较不充足,其内含物水平偏低,尤其是可溶性蛋白、还原糖含量较低,使后期花器官发育质量均受到一定影响。【Objective】Sweet cherry is the earliest ripening fruit in north China and mainly cultivated in Tai’an,Yantai and Dalian.South China becomes warm earlier and faster in spring than the north,so it can be earlier for marketing.Besides,sweet cherry cultivation has gradually expanded to the south due to the leisure picking market`s promoting in recent ten years.However,the introduction of sweet cherry to south is not succeeded because of the low fruiting rate,poor fruiting habits and fruit malformation.Previous studies showed that these phenomena were related to the flower organ development.Flower bud differentiation is a morphogenetic process as well as a physiological and biochemical process.The physiological differentiation of flower bud is on the basis of accumulation and synergistic effect of nutrients and endogenous hormones.Therefore,the development quality of flower bud is closely related to the accumulation of nutrients and endogenous hormones in trees.In this study,the differences in nutrient contents and endogenous hormone levels in flower buds during three stages(before dormancy,during dormancy and before budbreak)of the same sweet cherry varieties in Hangzhou and Tai’an were compared,the correlation between flower bud quality and flower bud inclusion before bud break were analyzed,in order to reveal the physiological reasons for the low quality of flower bud in Hangzhou area and provide the theoretical basis for the formulating reasonable cultivation and management measures,which can be used for regulating growth and developments,and achieving stable and high yield in the future.【Methods】Five years old sweet cherry trees in Hangzhou and Tai’an were used as the experimental materials.Two cultivars of sweet cherry with different chilling requirement were chosen in this study.Firstly the leaf fall and budbreak periods of two cultivars in two areas were recorded.Then,more than 30 buds from each cultivar were collected during three stages,before dormancy,during dormancy and before budbreak.The nu

关 键 词：甜樱桃 营养物质 内源激素 花器官发育质量 杭州 泰安 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]