河北省苹果果实黑点病的症状与病原研究初报  

Primary study on the symptoms and pathogen of apple fruit black spot diseases in Hebei Province

作　　者：孟祥龙 张祺 石朝阳 王树桐[1] 王亚南[1] 曹克强[1] 胡同乐[1] MENG Xiang-long;ZHANG Qi;SHI Chao-yang;WANG Shu-tong;WANG Ya-nan;CAO Ke-qiang;HU Tong-le(College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University/Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院/河北省农作物病虫害生物防治技术创新中心,保定071000

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2021年第4期496-506,共11页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0201100);国家苹果现代产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：为明确河北省苹果果实黑点病的症状类型及其对应的病原菌,本研究对河北省6个市的果园进行了病害调查和样品采集,并对引起不同症状类型的病果进行了病原菌的分离和鉴定。结果表明,河北省的套袋苹果黑点病可以分为四大类型,分别是萼洼黑点型、果面黑点型、果面晕斑型和梗洼褐斑型。除了果面晕斑型为单一病原侵染之外,其他类型的病斑均分离获得3种或3种以上的病原菌。通过形态学分析以及系统发育分析发现,分离的菌株主要为5个不同属的真菌,分别是粉红聚端孢(Trichothecium roseum)、细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima)、产菌核枝顶孢(Acremonium sclerotigenum)、尾孢菌(Cercospora sp.)和镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)。致病性检测表明,粉红聚端孢和细极链格孢的致病力较强,为引起该病害的主要致病菌。而产菌核枝顶孢在河北省造成的症状比之前的报道更加多样化。本研究明确了河北省苹果果实黑点病的主要症状类型及其对应的病原菌,为该病害的流行规律以及综合防控研究奠定了基础。In order to clarify the symptom and the corresponding pathogen of apple fruit black spot disease in Hebei province,field surveys were conducted on the orchards of six cities of Hebei Province,and apple fruits with different symptoms of black spot were collected to isolate and identify the pathogens.Our results indicated that the symptoms of apple fruit black spot disease in Hebei Province had four types:black spot on fruit calyx,black spot on fruit surface,red spot on fruit surface,and brown spot on fruit stalk.In addition to the single pathogen infection for the symptom of red spot on fruit surface,three or more pathogens were isolated from the other types.Morphological analysis and gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates were belong to five different genera:Trichothecium roseum,Alternaria tenuissima,Acremonium sclerotigenum,Cercospora sp.,and Fusarium sp..The pathogenicity test showed that the isolates of T.roseum and A.tenuissima had more virulence on the mature apple fruits,which is the main pathogen of the disease in Hebei Province.The symptoms caused by the isolates of A.sclerotigenum in Hebei Province were more variety than that previously reported.Above all,we clarified the four symptoms types of apple fruit black spots in Hebei Province and the corresponding pathogens,which laid a foundation for the research of epidemiology and integrated control for this disease.

关 键 词：苹果黑点病 症状类型 形态学分析 系统发育分析 致病性检测 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学]