不同供磷水平对苜蓿生理特征和磷素营养的影响  

Impacts of Phosphorus Application Rates on Physiological Characteristics and Phosphorus Accumulation of Alfalfa

作　　者：马红[1] 黎力乙 李宁[1] MA Hong;LI Li-yi;LI Ning(College of Grassland and Environment Sciences/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2021年第8期34-41,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划自然科学重大项目“豆科牧草苜蓿磷高效吸收利用的根际调控”(编号:XJEDU20171008);国家自然科学基金“制种苜蓿根瘤菌固氮效能对氮素输入的响应”(项目批准号:31760712);自治区农业科技推广与服务项目“制种苜蓿种子高产水肥一体化技术示范与推广”(编号:201511A019)。

摘　　要：为探索紫花苜蓿对磷水平的响应特征,以Hoagland营养液(KH2PO4为磷源)为培养基质,分析不同供磷水平(0、50μmol/L、100μmol/L、500μmol/L、1000μmol/L、1500μmol/L)下6个紫花苜蓿品种的生理特征、磷积累与磷利用效率变化,运用相关分析、主成分分析方法综合评价不同紫花苜蓿品种的耐低磷性,并以50μmol/L为低磷水平分析各品种耐低磷能力。结果表明:随供磷浓度的增加,6个紫花苜蓿品种的株高、干重均呈先缓慢增加后逐渐减小趋势,供磷处理均大于不供磷处理,500μmol/L处理更有利于植株生长。6个品种植株磷积累量均随磷浓度的增大不断增加,供磷处理显著高于不供磷处理(P<0.05)。低磷水平下磷利用效率显著高于中、高磷水平,其随磷浓度的增加呈先急剧下降后缓慢减小的趋势,同一磷水平下各品种间存在差异。各性状耐低磷系数比较表明,7个性状中仅磷利用效率的耐低磷系数均大于1。综合比较发现,新牧1号、耐盐之星、陇东较其他3个品种具有较强的耐低磷能力。In order to explore the response characteristics of alfalfa(Medicago sativa)to phosphorus application rates,this study used Hoagland nutrient solution(KH2PO4 as phosphorus source)as culture substrate to analyze the physiological characteristics,phosphorus accumulation and phosphorus utilization efficiency changes of six alfalfa varieties under six phosphorus application rates(0μmol/L,50μmol/L,100μmol/L,500μmol/L,1000μmol/L,and 1500μmol/L).The low phosphorus tolerance of different alfalfa varieties was comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis and principal component analysis,and the low phosphorus tolerance of each variety was analyzed at the the low phosphorus level of 50μmol/L.The results showed that with the increase of phosphorus application,the plant height and dry weight of six alfalfa varieties increased slowly at first and then decreased gradually.The phosphorus supply treatments were greater than the no phosphorus supply treatments,and 500μmol/L was more beneficial to plant growth.The phosphorus accumulation of six varieties increased with the increase of phosphorus application rare,and the phosphorus accumulation of phosphorus treatment was significantly higher than that of non phosphorus treatment(P<0.05).The phosphorus use efficiency at the low phosphorus level was significantly higher than that at the medium(500μmol/L)and high phosphorus levels(1000μmol/L and 1500μmol/L),which decreased sharply at first and then slowly with the increase of phosphorus application rates.There were differences among varieties at the same phosphorus application rate.The comparison of low phosphorus tolerance coefficient of each trait showed that only the low phosphorus tolerance coefficient of phosphorus utilization efficiency was greater than 1 among the 7 traits of plants.Comprehensive comparison found that Xinmu No.1,Magnum Salt and Longdong alfalfa varieties had stronger low phosphorus tolerance than the other three varieties.

关 键 词：供磷水平 苜蓿 生理特征 磷利用效率 耐低磷 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]