土拉弗朗西斯菌Ⅵ型分泌系统研究进展  

Progress in research of typeⅥsecretion system of Francisella tularensis

作　　者：张瑛 郭卫东 海岩 秦爱平 Zhang Ying;Guo Weidong;Hai Yan;Qin Aiping(College of Basic Medicine,Baotou Medical College,Baotou 014040,Inner Mongolia,China;National Institute for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hohhot 010000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古包头014040 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病疾病预防控制所,北京102206 [3]内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《疾病监测》2021年第7期684-688,共5页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(No.2018MS08058)。

摘　　要：土拉弗朗西斯菌(土拉菌)是一种革兰阴性胞内寄生细菌,对人类具有高度致病性,引起急性人兽共患的传染病土拉热。土拉菌可感染多种动物,动物源土拉菌可以通过如下途径感染人类:通过节肢动物如蜱、虻和蚊等的叮咬,直接接触感染动物及接触感染动物的组织或体液,摄入被污染的饮水或食物以及吸入感染性气溶胶等。因其具有极低感染剂量、高死亡率、干燥条件下稳定及易于气溶胶化等特性,在冷战和二战中,土拉菌A型菌曾被用于细菌生物武器。土拉菌的毒力取决于其吞噬泡的逃逸和胞内繁殖能力。土拉菌致病岛所编码的非经典Ⅵ型分泌系统,为其逃逸巨噬细胞的吞噬、进行胞内繁殖以及引发疾病所不可或缺,是土拉菌最重要的毒力因子之一。本文对土拉菌的致病毒力岛及其所编码的Ⅵ型分泌系统的研究进展进行了综述。Francisella tularensis,the causative agent of zoonotic disease tularemia,is a facultative intracellular growth gram negative bacterium that infects more than 250 species of animals.It is one of the most contagious pathogens known in human medical history.Humans could be contracted via various routes including(i)by bite of arthropods such as ticks,flies and mosquitoes,(ii)by direct contact with infected animals and their tissues or body fluids,(iii)by ingestion of the contaminated drinking water or food,and(Ⅳ)by inhalation of the contaminated aerosol.Due to its extreme low infectious dose,high mortality,stability under dry conditions and proneness to be aerosolized,F.tularensis was utilized as a bacterial biological weapon during the cold war and the World WarⅡ.The virulence of F.tularensis is fully depended on its ability of phagosome escaping and intracellular replication.A non-canonical typeⅥsecretion system(T6SS)encoded by the F.tularensis pathogenicity island(FPI)is essential for its phagosome escaping,intracellular replication and pathogenicity to animals.This paper summarizes the progress in research of the FPI-coded T6SS of F.tularensis.

关 键 词：土拉热 土拉弗朗西斯菌 Ⅵ型分泌系统 土拉菌致病毒力岛 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R516.9