2019年上海市闵行区一起国际学校麻疹暴发疫情流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreaks in international schools in Minhang district,Shanghai,2019

作　　者：陈泓泓 张莉萍[1] 苏华林[1] 金宝芳[1] 王烨[1] Chen Honghong;Zhang Liping;Su Hualin;Jin Baofang;Wang Ye(Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201101,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心,上海201101

出　　处：《疾病监测》2021年第7期734-738,共5页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的通过回顾2019年上海市闵行区一起国际学校麻疹暴发疫情的调查处理,分析此次疫情的流行病学特征和暴发原因。方法对此次疫情中每位病例开展流行病学调查,收集病例血液、咽拭子和尿液标本进行实验室检测;分析暴发原因、临床特点、流行病学特点并对防控建议措施展开讨论。结果上海市闵行区共接报本区国际学校疑似麻疹病例18例,其中12例为实验室确诊病例,确诊率66.67%,分别属于闵行区上海美国学校3例、上海英国学校9例。本次暴发的12例病例中,11例为外籍户籍(91.67%)。发病日期高峰为5月28日至6月6日,共发病9例,占75.00%。年龄为4~15岁。12例病例中,1例有3剂次含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)免疫史,占8.33%;7例有2剂次MCV免疫史,占58.33%;4例有1剂次MCV免疫史,占33.33%。结论调查结果显示,此次麻疹暴发疫情的原因可能为首发病例通过学校运动会和网球俱乐部等活动造成共同暴露者的同源感染,提示国际学校易感人群较多,需加强传染病防控督导,纳入属地化管理;建议教育部门联合卫生健康部门制定国际学校凭证入学工作要求及补种制度,提高2剂次麻疹疫苗的免疫接种率是预防与控制校园麻疹暴发流行的有效措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a measles outbreak in international schools in Minhang district of Shanghai during May-June in 2019.Methods An epidemiological investigation was conducted in all the suspected measles cases detected in the outbreak.Blood samples and throat swabs were collected from the cases to detect measles antibody and viral nucleic acid.Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of measles cases were discussed and described.Risk factors of measles transmission were assessed.Results A total of 18 suspected measles cases were reported in the outbreak,in which 12 were laboratory confirmed(66.67%).Three cases studied at Shanghai American School,9 cases studied at the British International School Shanghai.In the 12 confirmed measles cases,a total of 11 were with foreign nationality(91.67%).The peak time of measles outbreak was from May 28 to June 6,during which 9 cases were confirmed(75.00%).The age of the 12 cases ranged from 4 years to 15 years.Among them,1 had 3-dose measles-containing vaccine(MCV)immunization history(8.33%),7 had 2-dose MCV immunization history(58.33%),4 cases had 1-dose MCV immunization history(33.33%).Conclusion The investigation results suggested that the cause of the outbreak might be the common exposure to the index case during school sports meeting and Shanghai tennis club activity,indicating some students are susceptible to contracting measles infection in international schools.It is essential to strengthen joint prevention and control of infectious diseases in international schools according to local management requirement.It is strongly suggest that Shanghai education commission as well as Shanghai health department to formulate regulations and laws on vaccination certificate admission and supplementary vaccination in foreign students.Increasing the coverage rate of 2-doseMCV shots is an effective measure to prevent and control measles outbreak in schools.

关 键 词：麻疹 暴发流行 疫情 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R511.2