长沙市1975—2015年气候演变特征分析  

Climate change trends and characteristics of Changsha City from 1975 to 2015

作　　者：彭湃[1] 刘博 邓楠 邓鹰鸿 李锡泉[1] 田育新[1] 马丰丰[1] 宋庆安[1] PENG Pai;LIU Bo;DENG Nan;DENG Yinghong;LI Xiquan;TIAN Yuxin;MA Fengfeng;SONG Qing’an(Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;The Forestry Department of Hunan Province,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]湖南省林业局,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《湖南林业科技》2021年第4期56-63,共8页Hunan Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：世界银行贷款湖南森林恢复和发展项目(8215-CN-KT-2);湖南省林业科技创新专项(HNGYL-2019-01)。

摘　　要：利用长沙气象站1975—2015年的逐月气象资料,采用线性倾向率、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、滑动T检验和小波分析等方法,分析了长沙市41 a气候演变特征。结果表明:长沙市41 a气候变化呈现增温显著,降水量、月日照时数变化趋势不显著,而月相对湿度、月平均风速、月大气压显著下降的特征;线性平均增温率为0.42℃·10 a^(-1),最低气温的增幅与之持平,且冬季上升倾向率明显高于夏季,说明近41 a气候变暖主要原因是最低气温的升高;月相对湿度、月平均风速、月大气压线性下降率分别为2%·10 a^(-1)、0.12 m·s^(-1)·10 a^(-1)、0.53 Pa·10 a^(-1);小波分析表明长沙市1975—2015年均月平均气温、年降水量都呈现出偏多、偏少交替变化的特点。Based on the monthly meteorological data of Changsha City area from 1975 to 2015,the climate change trend and characteristics was estimated using linear regression analysis,Mann-Kendall test,moving T-test,and wavelet analysis.The results showed that the climatic characteristics in the past forty-one years in Changsha City area showed significant warming,non-significant of the change trend of precipitation and sunshine hours,and significant decrease in relative humidity,mean wind speed,and atmospheric pressure.The linear mean rate of temperature increase is 0.42℃·10 a^(-1),which is same as the increase in the minimum temperature.The increasing trend of the minimum temperature in winter is significantly higher than that in summer,indicating that the main cause of climate warming in the past forty-one years in Changsha City is the increase in the minimum temperature.The annual relative humidity,average wind speed,and atmospheric pressure decreased at the tread rate of 2%·10 a^(-1),0.12 m·s^(-1)·10 a^(-1),and 0.53 Pa·10 a^(-1),respectively.Wavelet analysis showed that the annual mean temperature and precipitation of Changsha City area exits characteristic with alternately more and less changes.

关 键 词：长沙市 气候演变特征 线性倾向率 Mann-Kendall非参数检验 滑动T检验 小波分析 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]