中国稻田土壤镉污染及务农性暴露概率风险  

Status of paddy soil Cd pollution and probabilistic health risk via agricultural contact in China

作　　者：崔祥芬 张琴 田森林[1] 王晋昆[2] 黄建洪[1] CUI Xiang-fen;ZHANG Qin;WANG Jin-kun;TIAN Sen-lin;HUANG Jian-hong(Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering of Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming 650034,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2021年第8期3878-3886,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：云南省生态环境厅项目(YNJH2018176)。

摘　　要：为了解中国稻田土壤镉污染时空变异特征及其务农性接触的健康风险,对1991~2017年发表的205篇有关稻田土壤镉调查文献进行系统回顾,并采用USEPA推荐的健康风险评估概率模型对健康风险进行评估.结果表明,全国稻田土壤镉平均浓度[(0.54±1.38)mg/kg]显著高于全国表层土壤镉背景值(0.097mg/kg).虽未见显著的时间变异(β=-0.002,95%置信区间:-0.025~0.022),但不同地区和不同人为扰动下的稻田土壤镉浓度存在较大异质性:华南[(0.88±1.59)mg/kg]>西南[(0.46±0.85)mg/kg]>华东[(0.44±1.45)mg/kg]>华北[(0.36±1.05)mg/kg]>东北[(0.35±0.83)mg/kg]>西北[(0.01±0.05)mg/kg]和矿冶[(1.77±2.18)mg/kg]>其他工业活动[(0.64±1.22)mg/kg]>电子垃圾拆解[(0.59±0.87)mg/kg]>污灌[(0.57±1.26)mg/kg]>交通[(0.56±0.86)mg/kg]>常规稻田[(0.25±0.34)mg/kg].除西北地区外,各地区稻田土壤镉浓度均出现不同程度的超标现象,尤其华南地区34%条土壤镉浓度数据超过农用地土壤镉污染风险管制值(1.5mg/kg).土壤镉务农性接触的非致癌风险(HQ<<1)处于可接受水平,其中皮肤接触是主要途径,女性是务农性土壤镉暴露的高风险人群,华南和西南地区是务农性土壤镉暴露的高风险地区.Based on 205 published articles,a national-scale assessment of cadmium(Cd)contamination in paddy soil across China mainland was conducted.The Cd concentrations,spatiotemporal variations,and probabilistic health risk resulted from Cd exposure via agricultural contact were analysed.On national average,Cd concentration(0.54±1.38)mg/kg was much higher than the background value(0.097 mg/kg)of Cd element in topsoil.Although no significant temporal variation(β=-0.002,95%confidence interval[CI]:-0.025~0.022),Cd concentrations varied considerably among the different regions(South China[(0.88±1.59)mg/kg]>Southwest[(0.46±0.85)mg/kg]>East China[(0.44±1.45)mg/kg]>North China[(0.36±1.05)mg/kg]>Northwest[(0.35±0.83)mg/kg]>Northwest[(0.01±0.05)mg/kg]),as well as among areas affected by different anthropogenic activities(Mining&smelting[(1.77±2.18)mg/kg]>other industrial activities[(0.64±1.22)mg/kg]>E-waste recycling[(0.59±0.87)mg/kg]>Sewage irrigation[(0.57±1.26)mg/kg]>traffic transport[(0.56±0.86)mg/kg]>Normal fields[(0.25±0.34)mg/kg]).Except the Northwest China,partial Cd concentrations surpassed the risk screening value for Cd contamination of paddy soil,especially 34%of Cd concentration records of the south China exceeded the corresponding risk intervention value(1.5 mg/kg).The non-carcinogenic risk was acceptable(HQ<<1)and dermal contact contributed more than oral ingestion.The female was more likely to be affected by Cd exposure through agricultural contact and regions including the south and southwest China were determined as the priority risk control areas.

关 键 词：务农性接触 土壤镉 稻田 概率健康风险 蒙特卡罗模拟 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]