梨园林下豆科绿肥绛三叶的景观生态特征  

Landscape Ecological Characteristics of Legume Green Manure Trifolium incarnatum Planted Under Trees of Pear Orchard

作　　者：廖恒[1] 张钦 姚单君 冉斌 张爱华 王文华[1] 况胜剑 朱青[1] LIAO Heng;ZHANG Qin;YAO Danjun;RAN Bin;ZHANG Aihua;WANG Wenhua;KUANG Shengjian;ZHU Qing(Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,GAAS/Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,GAAS/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment(Guizhou),Ministry of Agriculture,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Xingyi Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xingyi,Guizhou 562400,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/农业资源与环境研究所/农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站,贵州贵阳550006 [2]兴义市农业农村局,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第6期84-89,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目[黔科合支撑(2020)1Y026],[黔科合(2016)支撑2837];国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明绛三叶(Trifolium incarnatum)在梨园林下养分、固氮、固碳、制氧量等生态功能特征,为其在生态及观光果园中的应用提供依据。【方法】以观赏性较好的低矮豆科绿肥绛三叶为研究对象,分析不同播种量林下花朵时空分布特征、花朵视觉特性等景观的响应,以及养分、固碳制氧量等生态特征。【结果】绛三叶花期在3月底至4月中下旬,共24~27 d,顶生花序,高33~55 cm,花冠深红色,花序呈圆锥状,花期继续伸长,具小花50~120朵,每朵花序的锥底直径1.1~1.8 cm,圆锥母线长2.8~6.7 cm,单朵花序面积4.71~18.93 cm^(2),单株花序数平均约4个,单位面积花序数320~544个/m^(2),单位花序总面积108.02~686.68 m^(2)/667m^(2),鲜草产量244~1163 kg/667m^(2),总养分积累量4.06~18.45 kg/667m^(2),可固定氮素3~12 kg/667m^(2),固碳量84~398 kg/667m^(2),制氧量61~293 kg/667m^(2)。绛三叶的播种量与花序的数量、总面积等景观效应,总养分积累、固碳制氧量等生态效应呈显著的相关关系,单位面积花序数量y=-43.048x^(2)+146.78x+328.84(R^(2)=0.5163),单位总花序面积y=-31.315x^(2)+32.806x+397.29(R^(2)=0.7317),鲜草产量y=-67.84x^(2)+149.8x+597.5(0.705),总养分y=-0.480x^(2)-0.431x+12.43(R^(2)=0.707)。【结论】观赏功能及绿肥功能运筹平衡的绛三叶利用模式中,播种量0.52~1 kg/667m^(2)的绛三叶花序总面积大,播种量1.7~2 kg/667m^(2)的绛三叶花序数量多,播种量1.1~1.5 kg/667m^(2)的绛三叶鲜草产量高,观赏功能及绿肥功能平衡可在播种量1~1.2 kg/667m^(2)。【Objective】The ecological function characteristics of nutrition,nitrogen-fixing,carbon-fixing and oxygen production under trees of pear orchard are explored to provide reference for applying Trifolium incarnatum with in ecological and sightseeing fruit orchard.【Method】Low legume green manure T.incarnatum with better ornamental value are used as research objects.The response of landscape such as under-forest flower spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and flower visual features,and the ecological characteristics such as nutrition and carbon-fixing oxygen production with different seeding rate are analyzed.【Result】The flowering period of T.incarnatum is from end March to middle and late April with 24-27 d.The terminal inflorescence is of 33-35 cm height.The corolla is dark red,and the inflorescence shows conical and continues to elongate at flowering stage.T.incarnatum has 50-120 florets.The cone bottom diameter per inflorescence,the length of cone element,the area per inflorescence,average inflorescence number per plant,inflorescence number per unit area,total area per inflorescence,fresh forage yield,total nutrient accumulation,fixed nitrogen,nitrogen-fixing amount and oxygen production are 1.1-1.8 cm,2.8-6.7 cm,4.71-18.93 cm^(2),4,320-544/m^(2),108.02-686.68 m^(2)/667m^(2),244-1163 kg/667m^(2),4.06-18.45 kg/667m^(2),3-12 kg/667m^(2),84-398 kg/667m^(2) and 61-293 kg/667m^(2).The input production of T.incarnatum is significantly related with the ecological landscape effect of inflorescence number and total area,and the ecological effect of total nutrient accumulation and nitrogen-fixing oxygen production.The inflorescence number per unit area is y=-43.048x^(2)+146.78x+328.84(R^(2)=0.5163),total inflorescence area per unit is y=-31.315x^(2)+32.806x+397.29(R^(2)=0.7317),the fresh forage yield is y=-67.84x^(2)+149.8x+597.5(0.705),and total nutrition y=-0.480x^(2)-0.431x+12.43(R^(2)=0.707).【Conclusion】In the use pattern of balancing sightseeing function and green manure function of T.incarnatu

关 键 词：梨园 绛三叶 绿肥 景观 生态 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学] S641[农业科学—园艺学]