我国沿海粮食运输系统与粮食专业化码头布局分析  

Planning of China’s coastal grain transportation system and layout of specialized grain wharf

作　　者：姚海元[1,2] 王达川 丁文涛[1] 靳廉洁[1] 苏孟超[1] YAO Hai-yuan;WANG Da-chuan;DING Wen-tao;JIN Lian-jie;SU Meng-chao(Transport Planning and Research Institute,Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100028,China;School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部规划研究院,北京100028 [2]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《水运工程》2021年第8期36-41,共6页Port & Waterway Engineering

摘　　要：随着新冠肺炎疫情在国内外不断蔓延和中美贸易摩擦的持续升级,我国粮食的生产、储存、运输等引起公共关注。针对上述各方关切内容,梳理我国粮食年产量、人均占有量、库存消费量等发展情况,重点分析我国沿海地区粮食外贸接卸情况和内贸"北粮南运"体系发展情况,研究我国沿海港口粮食内、外贸运输格局,总结粮食专业化码头现状布局情况及存在的问题,提出我国外贸粮食主要以大豆进口为主,大部分服务于粮油加工临港产业,接卸港主要布局在广州港、日照港、天津港、青岛港等;内贸粮食以"北粮南运"为主,格局基本稳定,其中辽宁沿海区域的丹东港、大连港、营口港、锦州港、葫芦岛港为北方主要装船港,长三角区域的苏州港、南通港、泰州港和珠三角的深圳港、东莞港、广州港为主要接卸中转港;宁波舟山港则表现出较明显的外贸进口转内贸出口的物流特征,上海港的传统粮食中转功能有所减弱,浙南、东南沿海区域粮食中转接卸码头布局宜进一步加强。As the new crown pneumonia epidemic continues spreading at home and abroad and the Sino-US trade friction continues to escalate, the production, storage, and transportation of food in China attract public attention. In response to the above concerns, we comb the situations of China’s annual grain production, per capita possession, and inventory consumption, etc.,analyze China’s grain receiving and unloading situation of the foreign trade and the development of the domestic trade "North-to-South grain transportation" system in China’s coastal areas, research the grain transportation pattern of China’s coastal ports of both domestic trade and foreign trade, summarize the current layout of grain specialized terminals and problems existed;and propose that China’s foreign trade in grain is mainly based on soybean imports, most of which serve the grain and oil processing harbor industry, with receiving ports mainly arranged in Guangzhou Port, Rizhao Port, Tianjin Port, Qingdao Port, etc. The pattern of the domestic grain trade "North-to-South grain transportation" is basically stable: Dandong Port, Dalian Port, Yingkou Port, Jinzhou Port, and Huludao Port in Liaoning coastal area are the main loading ports in the north;while Suzhou Port, Nantong Port, Taizhou Port in the Yangtze River Delta and Shenzhen Port, Dongguan Port, and Guangzhou Port in the Pearl River Delta are main unloading and transshipment ports;Ningbo Zhoushan Port shows more obvious logistics characteristics of foreign trade import to domestic trade export. The traditional grain transshipment function of Shanghai Port has been weakened,and the layout of grain transshipment and receiving terminals in the southeastern coastal region of Zhejiang Province should be further strengthened.

关 键 词：粮食海运系统 北粮南运 粮食专业化码头布局 散改集 

分 类 号：TK448.21[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程] U651[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]