Relaxation of Selective Constraint on the Ultra-Large Mitochondrial Genomes of Arcidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia)  

作　　者：SUN Shao’e LI Qi KONG Lingfeng 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Mariculture,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China [2]Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China

出　　处：《Journal of Ocean University of China》2021年第5期1157-1166,共10页中国海洋大学学报（英文版）

基　　金：This work was supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31772414);the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao City(No.20-3-4-16-nsh);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.201964001).

摘　　要：The mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)are purportedly under selection for smaller size to improve their replica-tion and translation efficiency.However,the mitogenomes of Arcidae species are larger than those of other bivalves,and are among the largest metazoan mitogenomes reported to date.In order to explore the differences of base composition and selective constraints between the large and small mitogenomes,we compared the mitogenomes of 9 large arcid mitogenomes and 77 small bivalves mitogenomes.Base composition analyses indicated that Arcidae mitogenomes have significantly greater GC skews in both their whole genomes and coding sequences.This result suggests that the replication of the large mitogenomes in Arcidae may be slower than those in other bivalves,exposing the parental strand to deamination for a longer time.Selection pressure analyses showed that the mitochondrial protein-coding genes of Arcidae species have significantly higher Ka/Ks ratios than other bivalves,suggesting that they have accumulated more nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions.Seven protein-coding genes(atp6,cox1-3,nad1,nad4 and nad5)show significant difference for Ka/Ks ratios between the Arcidae and non-Arcidae groups.However,these divergences are not observed in the nuclear gene within histone H3.From these observations,we concluded that the large mitoge-nomes of Arcidae species experienced more relaxed selective constraints.As some Arcidae species are more tolerant to hypoxia that can lead to low metabolic rate,the relaxed selective constraints of mitogenomes may be energy-related.This study provides new insights into the evolution of Arcidae mitogenomes.

关 键 词：Arcidae mitochondrial genome genome size relaxed selective constraint 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]