典型国家钢铁产业发展路径与启示  

The Development Path and Enlightenment of the Steel Industry in Typical Countries

作　　者：郑国栋[1] 陈其慎[1] 邢佳韵 张艳飞[1] 龙涛[1] 王琨[1] 王良晨 ZHENG Guodong;CHEN Qishen;XING Jiayun;ZHANG Yanfei;LONG Tao;WANG Kun;WANG Liangchen(Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《中国国土资源经济》2021年第8期51-56,68,共7页Natural Resource Economics of China

基　　金：中国工程院重大咨询项目(2017-ZD-15-05-01);中国地质调查局二级项目“全国矿产资源开发保护综合评价与区划”(DD20190827)。

摘　　要：钢铁工业是国家经济社会发展的基础性行业,明确未来中国钢铁工业发展方向,意义重大。文章选取英国、美国、德国、日本、韩国5个国家,对其钢铁工业发展历史进行了研究。英国钢铁工业自20世纪70年代起逐渐衰退;美国是全球钢铁产业电气化转型最成功的国家;德国和日本钢铁工业发达,是全球高端钢材的主要生产国;韩国是后发钢铁工业强国,钢铁产量仍保持增长态势。通过分析这5个国家钢铁产业发展历程以及现有形态,建立了钢铁工业生命周期模型,总结了两种钢铁产业发展路径:一是英国、美国等国家经历了萌芽期、快速成长期、衰退期三个阶段;二是德国和日本等经历了萌芽期、快速成长期后,成功转型升级,步入成熟期,钢铁工业不断向高端化和全球化方向发展。文章认为中国正处于钢铁工业快速成长期后期阶段,钢铁产量保持较高水平,中国需充分借鉴典型国家发展经验,加速向低碳化、智能化和高端化转型。Steel industry is an essential industry for national economic and social development,and it is significant to clarify the future development direction of China's steel industry.The article selects five countries,namely,the United Kingdom,the United States,Germany,Japan,and South Korea,and studies their steel industry development history.The UK steel industry has been in decline since the 1970s;the US is the most successful country in the world in terms of electrification of the steel industry transformation;Germany and Japan have developed steel industries and are the leading producers of high-end steel worldwide;South Korea is a latecomer steel powerhouse and still maintains a growth trend in the steel production.By analyzing the development history of the steel industry in these five countries as well as the current forms,a life-cycle model of the steel industry has been constructed,and the article summarizes two development paths of the steel industry:first,countries such as the UK and the US have gone through three stages including the sprouting period,the rapid growth period and the decline period;second,countries such as Germany and Japan have experienced the sprouting period and the rapid growth period,and then successfully transformed and upgraded into the maturity period,and the steel industry has continued to move towards high-end and globalization.The article considers that China is in the late stage of the rapid growth of the steel industry,with steel production remaining at a high level.China needs to draw on the development experience of typical countries to accelerate the transformation to low-carbon,intelligent and high-end.

关 键 词：钢铁产业 发展路径 生命周期模型 经验借鉴 

分 类 号：F407.1[经济管理—产业经济] F062.1