长沙水稻主产区土壤肥力的变化分析  

Analysis on the Change of Soil Fertility in the Main Rice Production Region of Changsha

作　　者：陈雄鹰 王闯 崔小玉 胡明勇 CHEN Xiong-ying;WANG Chuang;CUI Xiao-yu;HU Ming-yong(Changsha Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Changsha 410125,PRC;Comprehensive Law Enforcement of Changsha Agricultural Administration,Changsha 410013,PRC;Changsha Quality Monitoring Centre of Agricultural Products,Changsha 410016,PRC)

机构地区：[1]长沙市农业技术推广中心,湖南长沙410205 [2]长沙市农业综合行政执法局,湖南长沙410013 [3]长沙市农产品质量监测中心,湖南长沙410016

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2021年第7期29-32,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为揭示近年长沙地区稻田土壤肥力变异特征,给当地科学施肥提供依据,于2013—2020年在长沙县、望城区、宁乡市和浏阳市这4个县(市、区),选择板页岩风化物、第四纪红色粘土、河流冲积物、花岗岩风化物这4种不同成土母质的水稻土,定位监测60个点位,统一检测了土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和缓效钾6个土壤指标,对稻田土壤肥力开展了连续8 a动态监测。结果表明:(1)土壤均呈酸性,pH值为4.97~5.85,年际变化小;(2)与2013年相比,2020年土壤有机质含量略有增加,最高增幅5.04%,年际变化不大;(3)土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量有所下降,2020比2013年分别下降了5.55%~26.5%和31.36%~54.35%,年际变化大;(4)土壤速效钾含量年际变化大,成土母质间缓效钾含量差异较大。总体上,长沙水稻主产区8 a间土壤肥力相对平稳,土壤有机质含量略有增加,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量有所降低,土壤呈酸性。In order to reveal the variation characteristics of paddy soil fertility in Changsha in recent years and provide basis for local scientific fertilization,four different types of paddy soils(shale weathering crust,Quaternary red clay,river alluvium,and granite weathering crust)were evaluated at sixty fixed long-term monitoring sample sites in four locations(Changsha county,Wangcheng district,Ningxiang city,and Liuyang city)from 2013 to 2020.Six indices including soil pH,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and slow-acting potassium were tested in addition to eight successive years of dynamic monitoring for soil fertility.Results showed that:(1)the soil was acidic,and soil pH was from 4.97 to 5.85 with a weak interannual variation;(2)the soil organic matter content increased slightly,the highest increase rate was 5.04%,and the interannual change was not significant in 2020 compared with 2013;(3)the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased by 5.55%-26.5%and 31.36%-54.35%,respectively with significant interannual variations in 2020 compared with 2013;(4)the annual variation of soil available potassium content and the difference of slow-acting potassium content between parent materials were relatively great.In general,the soil fertility in the main rice production region of Changsha was relatively stable during eight years,and the soil was acidic;soil organic matter content increased slightly,while the contents of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium decreased.

关 键 词：土壤肥力 长期监测 水稻土 成土母质 长沙 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]