磁性传感材料与器件研究进展  

Research Progress of Magnetic Sensing Materials and Devices

作　　者：门阔 赵鸿滨 魏峰[1,2,3] 魏千惠 MEN Kuo;ZHAO Hongbin;WEI Feng;WEI Qianhui(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing,GRINM Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100088,China;GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101402,China;General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]有研科技集团智能传感功能材料国家重点实验室,北京100088 [2]有研工程技术研究院有限公司,北京101402 [3]北京有色金属研究总院,北京100088

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第15期15056-15064,共9页Materials Reports

摘　　要：磁性材料是一种既古老又新颖的功能材料,磁性材料本身具有诸多特殊性质,正是基于此类特性,磁性材料可以完成外界物理量与磁信号之间的相互转换,由此制成各种类型的磁性传感器。随着传感器向着智能化、微型化、多功能化、高灵敏度、低功耗、高可靠性发展,新型磁性传感器种类也迅速增加,应用场景愈加广阔。然而,由于人类对磁信号的探测及处理远不如电学信号成熟,磁性传感器的应用仍有诸多问题尚未解决。材料的研究者们更关注新磁学现象,而能成功应用于传感器的磁性材料除了其特有的磁敏特性外,还应根据其具体应用场景提高它的其他物理性能,而传感器的研究者们在解决传感器微型化、高灵敏度等问题时并不会优先从材料角度考虑问题,导致某一类磁性材料从发现到其成熟应用于传感器所经历的周期过长,而很多已发现的磁性材料并未找到合适的应用场景。从材料角度而言,目前在传感器领域应用最多的是磁电阻材料,其广泛应用于位移传感器、角速度传感器、硬盘磁头、非接触电流测量等领域。其他研究较成熟的磁性材料如软磁材料、磁致伸缩材料、磁电复合材料、磁流体材料等在传感器领域也有一定的应用,如力学传感器、生物传感器、光学传感器等。为了使磁性传感器有广泛的应用,磁性材料及磁性传感器的研究者们应从应用角度出发,根据不同应用场景,提出更为全面具体的材料性能要求,以此为目标,对现有的磁性材料进行改性处理,或研发新型磁性材料,加快磁性材料及磁性传感器领域的发展。本文综述了多种磁性材料(包括磁电阻材料、高磁导率软磁材料、巨磁阻抗材料、磁致伸缩材料、磁光材料、磁电复合材料、磁流体材料等)在磁场探测、光学传感、力学传感、生物传感、电流传感等方面的应用以及研究进展,并从As an ancient but novel functional material,magnetic materials have many unique properties.It is just because of these characteristics that they can realize the conversion between the external physical signals and magnetic signals,and thereby are fabricated into various types of magnetic sensors.With the development of sensors towards intelligence,miniaturization,multi-function,high sensitivity,low power consumption,and high reliability,new types of magnetic sensors are increasingly coming out for broad applications.However,the detection and processing of magnetic signals are farfrom mature compared with that of electrical signals.So there are still many issues that need to be addressed for magnetic sensors.Although the magnetic materials might have intrinsic magnetic sensitivity properties,the physical properties of them should be adjusted to their specific application environment.Besides,researchers should pay more attention to the choice and manufacturing of materials in overcoming the problems of miniaturization and high sensitivity.In a historical sense,the magnetic materials have been discovered for a long time,but they have not found suitable applications due to the above mentioned issues.Currently,the most widely used sensors are based on magnetoresistance materials,which can be made into displacement sensors,angular velocity sensors,hard disk heads,non-contact current measurer and etc.Other mature magnetic materials,such as soft magnetic materials,magnetostrictive materials,magnetoelectric composite materials,and magnetic fluid materials,find more applications as mechanical sensors,biological sensors and optical sensors.In order to extend their applications,the material modification should be taken into account.This article reviews a variety of magnetic materials,including magnetoresistance materials,high permeability soft magnetic materials,giant magnetic impedance materials,magnetostrictive materials,magneto-optical materials,magnetoelectric composite materials,magnetic fluid materials,and etc.Their ap

关 键 词：磁性传感器 磁电阻材料 磁通门传感器 巨磁阻抗材料 磁光材料 磁致伸缩材料 磁电复合材料 磁流体 

分 类 号：TM27[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]