柔性X射线防护材料的研究现状及展望  

Research Status and Development Trend of Flexible X-ray Resistant Materials

作　　者：陈利尧 赵晓明[1,2,3] CHEN Liyao;ZHAO Xiaoming(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津市先进纤维材料与储能技术重点实验室,天津300387 [3]天津市先进纺织复合材料重点实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第15期15088-15093,15106,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：2018年天津市自然科学基金重点项目(18JCZDJC99900);2018年天津市自然科学基金面上项目(18JCYBJC86600);2017年度天津市教委科研计划项目(2017KJ070)。

摘　　要：X射线被广泛用于科研、工业和医学等领域。由于X射线对人体有害,使用X射线时需进行合理的防护,柔性X射线防护材料可开发防护围裙等装置。X射线防护材料通过光电效应、康普顿效应和电子对效应衰减X射线。铅的原子序数高、密度大、能屏蔽和衰减X射线,但具有毒性且质量大。传统含铅X射线防护材料有着寿命短、对特定能量的X射线防护性能低及透气性差等缺点。与含铅材料相比,使用高原子序数的W、Bi、Ta、Sn等材料开发的无铅柔性X射线防护纤维和织物具有无毒、屏蔽效率高、轻薄等优点,弥补了含铅材料的不足,是柔性X射线防护材料的发展趋势。本文综述了X射线防护材料的防护机理、评价指标及研究进展,重点从技术路线的角度归纳了无铅柔性X射线防护材料的研究现状,分析了使用纺丝法、涂层法存在的问题并展望了柔性X射线防护材料的发展前景。X-ray are widely used across science,engineering and medicine.However,extended exposure can be harmful to humans,and therefore,it is necessary to use appropriate protection when using X-rays.Flexible X-ray resistant materials are used in protective aprons and other devices.The X-ray resistant materials attenuate X-rays by the photoelectric effect,the Compton effect,and the electron pair effect.Lead has resis-tant effect on X-rays due to its high atomic number(Z)and density,however,it is a toxic and heavy metal.Traditional flexible X-ray resistant materials contain lead,often have a short service life,a weak absorption zone,and poor air permeability.Other high-Z elements,such as W,Bi,Ta and Sn,have been suggested as raw materials for developing new flexible X-ray resistant fibers and fabrics without the use of lead.They are advantageous over lead-based materials because of their non-toxicity,high shielding efficiency,lightness and thinness,and thus,they are beco-ming popular for manufacturing flexible X-ray resistant materials.This article summarizes the protection mechanism and evaluation indicators and research progress of X-ray resistant materials.Herein,recent research progress in the application of lead-free flexible X-ray resistant materials is summarized from the technical perspective,along with the problems of related spinning and coated methods.The potential in the development of lead-free X-ray resistant materials is evaluated.

关 键 词：X射线 柔性防护材料 无铅材料 纤维 织物 

分 类 号：TL75[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]