激光熔覆制备抗冲蚀磨损镍基复合涂层的研究进展  

Research Progress on Erosion Wear Resistant Nickel-based Composite Coatings Prepared by Laser Cladding

作　　者：李英 李平[1,2] LI Ying;LI Ping(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,China;State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy ofSciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,焦作454003 [2]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第15期15162-15168,15174,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51275156);固体润滑国家重点实验室开放课题(LSL-1702);河南省高校基本科研业务费专项资金(NSFRF170502)。

摘　　要：冲蚀磨损是材料在流体或含固体颗粒流体的冲击作用下造成的表面磨损现象,在传统材料表面熔覆粉末可以有效改善其表面性能,抑制材料损伤速度,降低制造成本。采用激光熔覆制备的涂层具有结合强度高、对基材的稀释率低和热影响程度小等优点,用于解决恶劣环境下服役零件的冲蚀磨损问题,具有很好的应用前景。熔覆材料主要包括铁基、钴基、镍基三个体系。其中,铁基涂层抗磨性好、成本低,但涂层易产生裂纹缺陷,自溶性、抗氧化性差;钴基涂层耐磨耐蚀性好,但是价格昂贵;镍基涂层抗高温氧化性和耐磨耐蚀性好,价格适宜,综合起来优势明显,应用前景广阔。国内外很多研究人员通过调整镍基合金粉末的成分和激光熔覆的工艺参数改善涂层的性能,如向镍粉中加入硬质陶瓷颗粒或者合适的元素等提高镍基复合涂层的性能。主要硬质颗粒包括WC、Al_(2)O_(3)、SiC、TiC等。一些学者通过加入镍铝金属间化合物来提高涂层的耐蚀性能;一些学者向涂层中加入稀土元素以生成稳定的化合物;一些学者研究工艺参数对涂层性能的影响。此外,还有一些学者通过在渣浆泵、抽油泵、水轮机等零件上制备镍基涂层,显著提升工件的耐磨耐蚀性能。本文综述了激光熔覆镍基复合涂层的研究进展,指出了目前研究存在的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,为镍基复合涂层的深入研究和在冲蚀磨损工况条件下的推广应用提供参考。Erosion wear is the damage phenomenon of material surface caused by the impact of fluid or fluid containing solid particles.Cladding the powders on the surface of traditional materials can effectively improve the surface properties,inhibit the damage rate of the materials and reduce the manufacturing cost.The coating prepared by laser cladding has many advantages such as high bonding strength,low dilution ratio and small thermal effect to substrate.It can be used to solve erosion wear problem of the parts used in bad environment,and has a good application prospect.The cladding materials mainly include three systems namely iron,cobalt and nickel based.Among them,the Fe-based coating possesses good wear resistance and lower cost,but it is prone to form crack defects,and has poor self-fluxing and oxidation resistance.The Co-based powder has excellent wear and corrosion resistance,yet the price is expensive.The nickel-based coating holds excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature,good wear and corrosion resistance,and the price is suitable.Therefore,the nickel-based coating shows obvious comprehensive advantage and bright application prospect.Many researchers at home and abroad have improved the performance of nickel-based composite coating by adjusting the composition of nic-kel-based alloy powder and the process parameters of laser cladding,such as adding hard ceramic phase particles or appropriate elements to Ni based powders to enhance the properties of the Ni coating.The major hard phase particles include WC,Al_(2)O_(3),SiC,TiC,etc.Some researchers have studied Ni-aluminum alloy compounds to enhance the corrosion resistance of coating.Some researchers have tried to introduce rare earth elements to generate stable compounds,in order to improve the performance of the coating.The influence of process parameters on the coating performance have been explored by researchers.Besides,some researchers have prepared nickel-based coating on slurry pumps,oil pumps,turbines,and other parts,which significantly enhance

关 键 词：激光熔覆 镍基复合涂层 工艺参数 冲蚀磨损 

分 类 号：TG174.44[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]