基于景观格局分析的青岛市海岸带生态脆弱性评价  

Ecological Vulnerability Assessment of Qingdao Coastal Zone Based on Landscape Pattern Analysis

作　　者：张佳辰 高鹏 董学德 李腾 许景伟[2] 囤兴建[2] ZHANG Jia-chen;GAO Peng;DONG Xue-de;LI Teng;XU Jing-wei;DUN Xing-jian(Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University,Shandong Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation Research Station,Tai′an 271018,China;Shandong Academy of Forestry,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院/山东泰山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省林业科学研究院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2021年第8期1022-1030,共9页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：山东省农业科技资金(林业科技创新)(2019LY006);山东泰山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站监测补助项目(2018-LYPT-DW-053)。

摘　　要：为研究城市海岸带景观类型脆弱度变化特征,揭示海岸带生态脆弱性的时空分布规律,以青岛市2009和2018年遥感影像数据为基础,选取聚集度、分维数倒数、斑块密度、植被覆盖指数和生态适宜度等指标,计算景观类型脆弱度并构建生态脆弱性指数模型,进而对青岛市海岸带生态脆弱性进行评价。结果表明:(1)2009—2018年青岛市海岸带景观类型中,林地、水域和城乡工矿用地景观类型面积呈增加趋势,耕地、草地和未利用地景观类型面积趋于减少,其中,未利用地减少幅度最大(55.18%),城乡工矿用地大幅度增加(58.99%);(2)未利用地和草地的景观类型脆弱度较大,极易受到人为因素和外界环境的干扰,林地景观类型脆弱度次之,水域最小;(3)青岛市海岸带生态良好区和重度脆弱区面积减少,每年比上一年的年平均减少率分别为16.24%和16.83%,而轻度脆弱区、一般脆弱区、脆弱区都呈增加趋势,每年比上一年的年平均增长率分别为0.95%、10.74%和11.24%。生态脆弱性整体呈东部和西南部高、中部低的格局,轻度脆弱是青岛市海岸带的主要脆弱性等级。In order to study the change characteristics of the vulnerability of urban coastal zone landscape types and reveal the temporal and spatial distribution of coastal ecological vulnerability,indicators,such as aggregation degree,fractal dimension reciprocal,patch density,vegetation coverage index and land ecological suitability,were selected to calculate the vulnerability of landscape types.An ecological vulnerability index model was constructed to evaluate the ecological vulnerability of Qingdao coastal zone based on the remote sensing image data of Qingdao in 2009 and 2018.The results show that:(1)Among the coastal landscape types of Qingdao from 2009 to 2018,the area of forest land,water area,residential and industrial land showed an increasing trend,while the area of cultivated land,grassland and unused land tend to decrease,and the six land use types were all transferred to other types.Among them,studies show the largest decrease in unused land,with a reduction ratio of 55.18%,and the residential and industrial land expanded significantly,with an increase ratio of 58.99%;(2)The unused land and grassland are most vulnerable,which means they are easily disturbed by human factors and external environment.The landscape type of forest land is the third most vulnerable,and the water area is the least;(3)There was a decrease trend in the area of ecologically sound areas and severely vulnerable areas in Qingdao coastal zone,with an average annual reduction rate of 16.24%and 16.83%compared with last year,respectively.However,the mild vulnerable areas,general vulnerable areas and vulnerable areas showed an increasing trend,with an average annual growth rate of 0.95%,10.74%and 11.24%compared with last year,respectively.The overall ecological vulnerability is high in the east and southwest,and low in the middle.Overall,mild vulnerability is the main vulnerability level of Qingdao coastal zone.

关 键 词：海岸带 景观类型脆弱度 生态脆弱性指数 GIS RS 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]