利用多介质环境逸度模型比较典型抗生素磺胺甲唑和恩诺沙星在水产养殖中的环境归趋  

Comparing the Environmental Fate of Typical Antibiotics Sulfamethoxazole and Enrofloxacin in Aquaculture Using a Multi-media Environmental Fugacity Model

作　　者：单祥保 方龙香 施羽露 邢路畅 裘丽萍[2,3] 胡庚东 宋超[1,2,3,4] 陈家长 SHAN Xiang-bao;FANG Long-xiang;SHI Yu-lu;XING Lu-chang;QIU Li-ping;HU Geng-dong;SONG Chao;CHEN Jia-zhang(Wuxi Fishery College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214081,China;Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors(Wuxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuxi 214081,China;Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100141,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214081 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081 [3]农业农村部水产品质量安全环境因子风险评估实验室(无锡),江苏无锡214081 [4]农业农村部水产品质量安全控制重点实验室,北京100141

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2021年第8期1059-1065,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1600704);国家自然科学基金青年基金(31802271);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费(2019JBFZ04);江苏省科协青年科技人才托举工程。

摘　　要：磺胺甲唑和恩诺沙星是我国水产养殖过程中2种常用的抗生素,但两者在罗非鱼养殖环境中的归趋行为尚不明确。以NY 5071-2002《渔用药物使用准则》和SC/T 1083-2007《恩诺沙星水产养殖使用规范》为依据,通过野外养殖研究2种药物在罗非鱼养殖环境中的分配规律,应用多介质环境逸度模型模拟药物在养殖环境中的归趋行为。预测结果显示,磺胺甲唑在养殖水体、鱼体、沉积物中的分布占比分别为92.10%、7.28%、0.60%;恩诺沙星在养殖水体、鱼体、沉积物中的分布占比分别为64.10%、35.50%、0.44%。实际磺胺甲唑在养殖水体和鱼体中的分布占比分别为74.87%、2.66%(肌肉1.03%、肝脏1.10%和肠道内容物0.53%),底泥样本未检出;恩诺沙星在鱼体中的分布占比为36.29%(肌肉33.35%、肝脏1.62%和肠道内容物1.32%),养殖水体和底泥样本均未检出。磺胺甲唑在养殖水体、肌肉、肝脏和肠道内容物中代谢至初始水平[水体(2.5±0.9)ng·mL^(-1)、肌肉(2.7±0.1)ng·g^(-1)、肝脏(37.0±9.3)ng·g^(-1)、肠道(21.5±5.4)ng·g^(-1)]分别需要32.5、36.0、13.1和20.4 d;恩诺沙星在肝脏和肠道内容物中代谢至初始水平[肌肉(8.1±2.0)ng·g^(-1)、肝脏(4.5±0.3)ng·g^(-1)、肠道(31.7±2.7)ng·g^(-1)]分别需要5.7和10.3 d,但在肌肉中并未消除[残余含量(55.7±4.9)ng·g^(-1)]。建议磺胺甲唑休药期应不少于36 d,恩诺沙星休药期应不少于20 d。该研究对保护渔业生态环境、保障罗非鱼水产品的质量安全具有重要意义。The antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin are commonly used in aquaculture in China,but their fates within the culture environment of tilapia are unclear.Based on the“Guidelines for the use of fishery drugs“(NY 5071-2002)and the“Code for the use of enrofloxacin in aquaculture”(SC/T 1083-2007),the distributions of these two drugs within the tilapia culture environment were studied through field culture experiments.The multi-medium environmental fugacity model was used to simulate the behavior and fate of the drugs.The predicted proportional distributions of sulfamethoxazole in the aquaculture water,fish body and sediment were 92.10%,7.28%and 0.60%,respectively,and for enrofloxacin the proportions were 64.10%,35.50%and 0.44%,respectively.While the actual measured proportional distributions of sulfamethoxazole in the culture water and fish were 74.87%and 2.66%(muscle 1.03%,liver 1.10%,intestinal content 0.53%),respectively.For enrofloxacin,the fish body accounted for 36.29%(muscle 33.35%,liver 1.62%,intestinal content 1.32%)of the distribution,but enrofloxacin was not detected in either the culture water or sediment samples.The times for sulfamethoxazole levels to decrease to their initial values in the culture water,muscle,liver and intestinal tract[(2.5±0.9)ng·mL^(-1)in water,(2.7±0.1)ng·g^(-1)in muscle,(37.0±9.3)ng·g^(-1)in liver,and(21.5±5.4)ng·g^(-1)in intestine]were 32.5,36.0,13.1 and 20.4 d respectively.For enrofloxacin,the corresponding elimination times were 5.7 d and 10.3 d for liver and intestine,respectively[liver(4.5±0.3)ng·g^(-1),intestinal tract(31.7±2.7)ng·g^(-1)],but complete elimination did not occur in muscle[initial value of muscle(8.1±2.0)ng·g^(-1);residual concentration,(55.7±4.9)ng·g^(-1)].It is suggested that the withdrawal periods for sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin should not be less than 36 d and 20 d,respectively.These data will be valuable for the protection of the ecological environment of fishery and to ensure the quality and safety of tilapia aquacult

关 键 词：磺胺甲唑 恩诺沙星 罗非鱼 多介质环境逸度模型 归趋 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]