论《四库全书》对清代民族和睦理念的贯彻与禆益  

On the Implementation of the Qing Court's Concept of Ethnic Harmony in the Sikuquanshu and Its Gains and Losses

作　　者：唐海韵[1] Tang Haiyun(School of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610064,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《民族学刊》2021年第5期60-67,113,共9页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划项目“中国古代文论现代研究史”(11YJA751051)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《四库全书》以“钦定”为本质特征,与乾隆的政治宏图互为表里。长期以来,人们对其因消弭汉族中心主义思想而造成的学术破坏大加挞伐。其实,《四库全书》贯彻了清代民族和睦的理念,固然有钳制汉民族反抗意识的倾向,但也能以较为客观的态度对数千年中华文明进行整合,保存了各民族历史地理、语言文化的珍贵资料;同时,正是因为抛弃了传统的“华夷之辩”,基本坚守各民族平等的原则,才使其能在民国时期成为凝聚中华民族集体认同的象征物,为维护统一多民族国家做出贡献。我们应该重新审视《四库全书》中的民族思想及其影响,进一步深化“四库学”。The Sikuquanshu(“Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature”)is a large imperial series that was compiled on the order of Emperor Qianlong during the Qing period.It comprehensively outlines Chinese culture before the middle period of the Qing Dynasty and has been very influential ever since.It was part of Qianlong's grand political plan to implement his concept of ethnic harmony.In the Sikuquanshu,Qianlong deliberately eliminated anything in the old classics that might be offensive to minorities,especially the Manchus.He also ordered the writing of works on the culture and history of Manchu,Mongolia,Tibetan,and other ethnic groups to improve mutual understanding.On the one hand,Qianlong highlighted the closeness,acceptance,and adherence to the orthodox scholarship of the Han;on the other hand,he suppressed Han scholars that espoused radical ethnic ideology.However,to secure his own power,Qianlong forcibly eliminated any advanced or backward forms of ethnic cultures,recklessly weakened Han centralism,and ignored the law of academic development.In addition,his ethnic management strategy also had its own limitations.Hence,the harm that the Sikuquanshu inflicted on Chinese culture and academia cannot be underestimated.Because of this,many people have criticized the ethnic concepts of the Sikuquanshu for a long time;some even regard them as backward or sinful.Such views are quite legitimate,if you assume that Han superiority was the standard.However,if we adhere to the principle of equality of all ethnic groups,it is not hard to see that the concept of ethnic harmony in the Qing Dynasty was ahead of its time,in a positive way.Even if we admit the implementation of this idea destroyed the Sikuquanshu,this same idea also allowed the Sikuquanshu to unify thousands of years of Chinese civilization peacefully and feasibly.The Sikuquanshu also was able to preserve large amounts of precious ethnic history,geography,language,and culture,laying an ideological foundation for the prosperity of a unified multi-ethnic

关 键 词：清代 四库全书 乾隆 民族和睦 汉族中心主义 中华民族认同 

分 类 号：C953[社会学—民族学]