清代民国时期汉藏连接地带的汉藏通婚及其影响  

Han-Tibetan Inter-Ethnic Marriages and Their Influences on the Han-Tibetan Connection Areas in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

作　　者：石硕[1] 王志[1] Shi Shuo;Wang Zhi(Center for Tibetan Studies of China,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610064,Sichuan,China;School of Marxism,Chengdu University of TCM,Chengdu,611137,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国藏学研究所,四川成都610065

出　　处：《民族学刊》2021年第5期83-91,116,共10页Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：文章立足于清代民国时期的文献资料,探讨了汉藏连接地带汉藏通婚的历史过程,汉藏通婚得以实现的社会、文化和经济基础,并对通婚对汉藏社会、文化、经济交流的重要影响进行了探析。指出以男丁为主的汉族移民和男少女多的藏族社会存在结构性互补,是“汉男娶番女”这一通婚模式的人口学基础;勤劳、体健、能对汉族男丁在藏地的事业发展产生助益是藏族妇女成为汉族男丁理想婚姻对象的主要原因,与之相对,身份、财富、劳力、特殊技能等家庭物质生活保障能力是汉族男丁能够入赘或娶得藏族女子的主要原因。汉藏通婚家庭的成员以“翻译”的身份,不仅有效的促进了汉藏民族间的经济交流,而且对汉藏民族间感情的沟通,文化的交融方面做出了突出的贡献。During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,large numbers of Han Chinese immigrants-e.g.soldiers,business people,farmers,and miners-flooded Tibetan society,especially its Han-Tibetan connection areas.Due to this,Han-Tibetan inter-ethnic marriages became common in these regions.This paper discusses the history of these Han-Tibetan inter-ethnic marriages and their social,cultural,and economic bases.It also probes into the considerable influence of inter-ethnic marriages on the social,cultural,and economic exchanges between Han and Tibetan ethnic gnoups.Han-Tibetan inter-ethnic marriage cases had already emerged in the historical works of literature of the early Qing period.Up to the late Qing period and the Republic of China,officials,scholars,travelers,and others have recorded exceptionally large numbers of Han-Tibetan inter-ethnic marriages.According to historical literature,these cross-cultural marriages became a common phenomenon in the Han-Tibetan connection areas,including the connection areas of Qinghai and Gansu and the Tibetan areas in Sichuan and Yunnan.These territories constitute the whole connection belt of Han-Tibetan ethnic groups.“Han-male marrying Tibetan-female”was the general pattern of Han-Tibetan inter-ethnic marriages.This pattern had its own demographic basis.Most of the Han immigrants who flooded into Tibetan society were male,especially unmarried youths.As a result,it became objective needs for them to marry Tibetan women.Apart from demographics,it also made rational sense to marry a man or woman from a different ethnic group.Because the growing phenomenon of Han-Tibetan inter-ethnic marriages has been leading to growing economic exchange,emotional communication,and cultural infusion between the Han and Tibetan peoples.The fact is,Tibetans and Han immigrants had to overcome language barriers as they tried to interact with each other.And the ensuing bilingual proficiency of Han-Tibetan inter-ethnic marriage families made them vital for promoting Han-Tibetan interactions.Usually,Tib

关 键 词：汉藏连接地带 汉藏通婚 互动 融合 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学]