宁南旱区沟垄集雨结合覆盖对土壤水热肥与马铃薯产量的影响  

Effects of ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching on soil water-heat-fertility and potato yield in arid areas of southern Ningxia

作　　者：吴春花 普雪可 周永瑾 勉有明 苗芳芳 李荣[1] WU Chun-Hua;PU Xue-Ke;ZHOU Yong-Jin;MIAN You-Ming;MIAO Fang-Fang;LI Rong(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《作物学报》2021年第11期2208-2219,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2019AAC03058,2020AAC03098);国家自然科学基金项目(31760370,31860362)资助。

摘　　要：为探明不同沟垄集雨结合覆盖模式对土壤水热肥特性与旱作马铃薯产量的影响,于2015—2016年在宁南旱区连续两年设置6种沟垄集雨结合覆盖模式定位试验[垄上覆盖塑料地膜,沟内分别覆盖塑料地膜(PP)、玉米秸秆(PS)、生物降解地膜(PB)、麻纤维地膜(PF)、液态地膜(PL)和沟不覆盖(PN)],以平作不覆盖为对照(CK),研究其对土壤水分、温度、养分及马铃薯产量的影响。沟垄集雨结合覆盖模式可显著提高全生育期平均0~200 cm层土壤贮水量,以PS处理的保墒效果最佳。PP处理对马铃薯生育期土壤温度(0~25 cm)具有显著的增温效果,而PS处理降温效果显著。与试验处理前相比,2年马铃薯收获期不同沟垄集雨结合覆盖模式下0~40 cm层土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷含量均显著提高,而速效钾含量显著降低,与对照相比均显著提高,其中以PS处理增幅最大。沟垄集雨结合覆盖模式能显著提高马铃薯产量和商品薯率,其中以PS和PP处理最高,PB、PF和PL处理次之,而PN与CK无显著差异。通过相关分析及通径分析发现,土壤水分、有机碳及温度是制约马铃薯高产的重要因子。垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理可显著改善旱作土壤水热肥环境,提高马铃薯产量,在宁南旱区马铃薯高产栽培中具有一定的应用价值。In order to explore the effect of different ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns on soil wa-ter-heat-fertility properties and the yield of rainfed potato.A located experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 for two con-secutive years,and six ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns were set up in dry farmland of southern Ningxia.Ridges were mulched with plastic film,while furrows were covered with plastic film(PP),maize straw(PS),biodegrad-able film(PB),bast fiber film(PF),liquid film(PL),and furrow without mulching(PN),and the flat planting without mulching was used as control check(CK).We investigated the effect of ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching on soil water,temperature,nutrients,and potato yield.Furrow-and-ridge rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns could significantly in-crease average soil water storage in 0–200 cm layer during the whole growth period,and PS treatment had the best effect on soil water conservation.Compared with CK,PP treatment significantly increased topsoil temperature(0–25 cm)during the growth period,while PS treatment significantly reduced topsoil temperature in potato.Compared with the treatment before the experiment,the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen,and available phosphorus in 0–40 cm layer under different furrow-and-ridge rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns were significantly increased,while the soil available potassium contents were significantly decreased during the two-year experiments.Compared with the control,the soil nutrients with different furrow-and-ridge rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns were significantly increased with the largest increase in soil nutrients in PS treatment.Ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns could significantly improve potato yield and marketable tuber rate,and PS and PP treatments were the highest,followed by PB,PF,and PL treatments,while there was no significant difference between PN and CK tre

关 键 词：沟垄集雨结合覆盖 土壤水分 土壤温度 土壤养分 马铃薯产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]