水稻节水灌溉技术模式研究进展  

Research Progress of Rice Water-Saving Irrigation Technology Mode

作　　者：马世浩 杨丞 王贵兵 张赓[2] 李小坤[1,3] MA Shi-hao;YANG Cheng;WANG Gui-bin;ZHANG Qian;LI Xiao-kun(College of Resources and Environment,Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;National Agricultural Technology Extension And Service Center,Beijing 100125,China;Shuangshui Shuanglv Institute,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,武汉430070 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [3]华中农业大学双水双绿研究院,武汉430070

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第8期19-24,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：湖北省水稻“三优”科技创新行动项目(2018-2020);全国农业技术推广服务中心农业农村资源等监测统计-墒情监测项目(2020);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2662018YJ026)。

摘　　要：为了应对水资源紧缺对水稻生产的威胁,自20世纪80年代以来,国内外水稻科技工作者对水稻节水灌溉技术或模式进行了大量的研究,但缺少系统地比较以及根据不同区域实际田间情况进行节水效果的评价梳理。本文采用文献数据分析的方法,综述了几种常见的水稻节水灌溉技术模式,比较了不同技术模式在节水和增产效果上的差异及其优、缺点。结果表明,“浅湿晒灌溉”的增产效果较好,但对田块的要求较高,并且难以确定灌溉定额;“间歇灌溉”的节水效果较好,但操作复杂,推广性差;“控制灌溉”能提高水稻的抗逆性,但没有统一的灌水指标;“适雨灌溉”节水效果较好,但增产效果一般;“滴灌”能提高水肥利用率,但可能会导致产量降低。综合来看,“滴灌”和“控制灌溉”适合在北方稻区推广,“蓄雨型灌溉”技术具有较大的节水和增产潜力,适合在南方稻区推广。In order to deal with the threat of water shortage to rice production,since the 1980s,domestic and foreign rice science and technology workers have done a lot of research on rice water-saving irrigation technology or mode,but there is a lack of systematic comparison and evaluation of water-saving effect according to the actual field situation in different regions.By using the method of literature data analysis,this paper summarizes several common rice water-saving irrigation technology modes,and compares the differences,advantages and disadvantages of different technology modes in water-saving and yield increasing effects.The results show that the effect of the"shallow wet sun irrigation"mode is better,but the requirement of field is higher,and it is difficult to determine the irrigation quota.The“intermittent irrigation”mode has better water-saving effect,but it is complex to operate and poor to popularize.The"Controlled irrigation"mode can improve the stress resistance of rice,but there is no unified irrigation index.The water-saving effect of the"suitable rain irrigation"mode is better,but the effect of increasing production is general.The"Drip irrigation"mode can improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer,but it may reduce the yield.In general,the"drip irrigation"mode and the"controlled irrigation"mode are suitable for popularization in northern rice area,while the"rain storage irrigation"mode has great potential of water-saving and yield increasing,and is suitable for popularization in southern rice area.

关 键 词：水稻 水资源 节水灌溉 灌溉技术 灌溉模式 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S275.9[农业科学—农业工程]