风沙土膜下滴灌氮肥运筹对玉米生长、干物质和产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application of Drip Irrigation Under Mulch on Growth,Dry Matter and Yield of Maize in Aeolian Sandy Soil

作　　者：顾桂栋 窦超银 孟维忠[2] 佟威[2] 陈伟[2] 胡倩 GU Gui-dong;DOU Chao-yin;MENG Wei-zhong;TONG Wei;CHEN Wei;HU Qian(College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu Province,China;Liaoning Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Science Research,Shenyang 110003,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]辽宁省水利水电科学研究院,沈阳110003

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第8期25-30,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51609208)。

摘　　要：为风沙土地区精准、高效地实施玉米膜下滴灌施肥管理提供科学依据。以玉米为供试作物,进行田间试验。在推荐施氮量300 kg/hm^(2)下,设置5个不同时期氮肥配比,分别为常规施肥(F1:基肥、拔节肥质量比为1∶2),兼顾拔节和粒肥(F2:基肥、拔节肥、粒肥质量比为1∶1∶1),均匀施肥(F3:基肥、苗期肥、拔节肥、穗肥、粒肥质量比为2∶1∶1∶1∶1),重拔节肥(F4:基肥、拔节肥、穗肥、粒肥质量比为2∶2∶1∶1),攻粒肥(F5:基肥、拔节肥、穗肥、粒肥质量比为2∶1∶1∶2)。分析膜下滴灌不同时期氮肥配比对玉米生长指标、干物质质量和产量的影响。F1处理玉米生育期叶绿素含量最高,生育后期茎秆、叶面积指数和叶绿素含量下降幅度最大,F2处理玉米各项生长指标一般,F3处理玉米植株最高,叶面积指数最大,F4处理玉米获得较粗壮的茎秆,F5处理玉米前期株高和叶面积指数较小,后期茎粗和叶面积指数减少最少;拔节期F3处理干物质显著高于F1、F4和F5处理,穗期F2处理穗轴干物质占比最小,灌浆期各处理籽粒占比从大到小依次为F3、F4、F5、F1和F2;F3处理产量和WUE均最高,分别为12.3 t/hm^(2)和2.16 kg/m^(3)。综合考虑玉米生长、干物质质量、产量和水分利用效率,推荐在辽西北风沙土地区玉米滴灌水肥一体化种植模式下均匀施肥为最佳氮肥运筹。In order to provide scientific basis for precise and efficient fertilization management of maize under drip irrigation in aeolian sandy soil area,the field experiment was conducted with corn as the test crop.Under the recommended nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm^(2),five nitrogen fertilizer ratios were set at different stages,including conventional fertilization(F1,the mass ratio of base fertilizer to jointing fertilizer was 1∶2),taking into account jointing and grain fertilizer(F2,the mass ratio of base fertilizer to jointing fertilizer to grain fertilizer was 1∶1∶1),uniform fertilization(F3,the mass ratio of base fertilizer to seedling fertilizer to jointing fertilizer to panicle fertilizer to grain fertilizer was 2∶1∶1∶1∶1),heavy jointing fertilizer(F4,the mass ratio of base fertilizer to jointing fertilizer to ear fertilizer and grain fertilizer was 2∶2∶1∶1),and attack grain fertilizer(F5,the mass ratio of base fertilizer to jointing fertilizer to ear fertilizer to grain fertilizer was 2∶1∶1∶2).The effects of nitrogen fertilizer ratio on growth index,dry matter quality and yield of maize were analyzed.The results showed that the chlorophyll content of F1 treatment was the highest at growth stage,and the stem,leaf area index and chlorophyll content decreased the most at later growth stage.The growth indexes of F2 treatment were general.The plant height and leaf area index of F3 treatment were the highest,and the leaf area index was the largest.Corn in F4 treatment obtained stronger stem.The plant height and leaf area index of F5 treatment were smaller at early growth stage,and the stem diameter and leaf area index decreased the least at later growth stage;The dry matter of F3 treatment at jointing stage was significantly higher than that of F1,F4 and F5 treatment,and the proportion of dry matter in rachis of F2 treatment at panicle stage was the smallest;At the filling stage,the grain proportions of each treatment were F3,F4,F5,F1 and F2 in descending order;the yield and WUE of

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 滴灌 风沙土 水肥一体化 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S143.1