机构地区:[1]自然资源部页岩气资源战略评价重点实验室·中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [2]河北地质大学 [3]河南省地质调查院,河南省郑州450000 [4]六盘水师范学院
出 处:《天然气工业》2021年第8期69-80,共12页Natural Gas Industry
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目“页岩含气性关键参数测试及智能评价系统”(编号:41927801);“贵州岑巩区块牛蹄塘组页岩黄铁矿成因机制及其成岩环境意义”(编号:42002156);河南省重大科技专项“河南页岩气勘查开发及示范应用研究”(编号:151100311000)。
摘 要:我国油气对外依存度较高,勘探开发页岩气是缓解能源和环境压力的重要途径。尽管我国页岩气在短时间内已经取得了一系列重大进展,但目前仍然处于勘探发展方向选择的“十字路口”。为此,系统梳理了我国页岩气地质条件的特殊性,结合页岩气成藏机理研究成果,指出了我国不同领域的页岩气勘探方向。研究结果表明:①中国页岩气勘探可分海相、陆相及海陆过渡相3大基本领域,华北、扬子及塔里木3大板块页岩气地质特点各异,构造沉积演化、页岩生气成藏、后期改造破坏等多因素相互作用,形成了中国页岩气地质分布的复杂性及勘探领域的多样性;②海相页岩有机孔缝发育,奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩仍将是未来一段时间内页岩气勘探的主体,扬子地区的寒武系牛蹄塘组和震旦系陡山沱组、滇黔桂地区的泥盆系罗富组和石炭系旧司组、华北地区的蓟县系洪水庄组和中元古界下马岭组等可以作为页岩气勘探战略突破的对象;③大中型陆相盆地的构造深部位和斜坡部位、中小型盆地的沉降—沉积中心是陆相页岩气勘探的两大主要方向,页岩层理缝和粒间孔发育,多类型有机质与热演化程度的匹配常使得页岩油、页岩气共生,将成为陆相页岩气进一步探索的重要领域;④海陆过渡相页岩主要形成于晚石炭世—二叠纪,页岩与砂岩、泥岩、煤层及碳酸盐岩地层之间的旋回组合特点明显,页岩中成岩裂缝发育,较好的构造保存条件与成岩保存条件是该类型页岩气富集的两大要素,潮坪—潟湖沉积体系和三角洲沉积体系、大中型叠合盆地和中小型残留盆地,以及盖层发育且构造保存条件好的深层是海陆过渡相页岩气勘探的有利方向。China is highly dependent on foreign oil and gas,and the exploration and exploitation of shale gas is an important way to alleviate the energy and environmental pressure of China.Although a series of significant progress has been made in a short time,China is still at the crossroads of shale gas exploration direction.Therefore,this paper systematically reviews the particularity of shale gas geological conditions in China,and points out China's exploration direction of shale gas in different fields combined with the research achievements of shale gas accumulation mechanism.The following results were obtained.(1)China's shale gas exploration fields can be divided into three major parts,i.e.,marine,continental and marine-continental transitional facies.The geological characteristics of shale gas in North China,Yangtze and Tarim plates are different.The interaction of multiple factors,including tectonic and sedimentary evolution,shale gas accumulation,late-stage transformation and etc.,has led the complexity of the geological distribution and the diversity of exploration fields of shale gas in China.(2)The organic pores and fractures of marine shale are developed.The Ordovician Wufeng-Silurian Longmaxi Formation will still be the primary target of shale gas exploration in future.Meanwhile,the Cambrian Niutitang and Sinian Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze region,the Devonian Luofu and Carboniferous Jiusi Formation in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region,the Jixianian Hongshuizhuang and Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation will be the targets of strategic breakthrough in shale gas exploration.(3)The structural deep and slop of middle-large basins and the sedimentation centers of small-middle basins are the main directions of continental shale gas exploration.Inter-laminar cracks and intergranular pores are well developed in continental shale.The coupling of various organic matter types and thermal evolution results in the symbiosis of shale oil and shale gas,which will become an important field for further exploration o
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