塔里木盆地走滑断裂构造特征、形成演化与成因机制  

Structural characteristics,formation&evolution and genetic mechanisms of strike-slip faults in the Tarim Basin

作　　者：贾承造[1] 马德波[1] 袁敬一 魏国齐[1] 杨敏[1] 闫磊[1] 田方磊 姜林[1] JIA Chengzao;MA Debo;YUAN Jingyi;WEI Guoqi;YANG Min;YAN Lei;TIAN Fanglei;JIANG Lin(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China;School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院 [3]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2021年第8期81-91,共11页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“下古生界—前寒武系碳酸盐岩油气成藏规律、关键技术与目标评价”(编号:2016ZX05004-001);中国石油天然气股份有限公司“十三五”重大科技项目“古老碳酸盐岩油气成藏分布规律与关键技术”(编号:2019B-04)。

摘　　要：勘探开发实践证实,塔里木盆地克拉通内走滑断裂控制了碳酸盐岩储层的发育与油气的富集。由于克拉通内走滑断裂具有位移小、断距小且埋深大的特点,因而对其构造演化与形成机制的认识仍然存在着诸多争议。为了厘清上述争议,基于大面积高精度三维地震资料与二维地震资料,在解析该盆地中部克拉通内走滑断裂几何学、运动学特征的基础上,深入探讨了塔里木盆地克拉通内走滑断裂的形成演化过程,并探究走滑断裂的成因机制。研究结果表明:①研究区走滑断裂具有纵向分层、平面分区、沿走向分段的特点;②深层压扭走滑断裂运动方向规律简单,NE、NNE向走滑断裂为左旋,NNW向走滑断裂为右旋,浅层张扭断裂运动方向差异较大,走滑断裂的位移量为400~1500 m,属于小滑移距的克拉通内走滑断裂;③走滑断裂形成于加里东中期,加里东晚期—海西早期、海西晚期、燕山期—喜马拉雅早期部分断裂重新活化,不同时期断裂分布有差异;④加里东中期走滑断裂的形成受控于基底结构非均一性与原特提斯洋闭合消减带来的挤压作用力,张扭断裂为加里东中期走滑断裂后期活化产生的R剪切分支断裂或张性破裂断裂,其形成受控于不同时期盆地周缘洋盆消减闭合。结论认为,克拉通内走滑断裂的构造特征、形成演化、成因机制与油气息息相关,取得了油气勘探开发的巨大效益;除了塔里木盆地之外,四川盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地也具有相似的地质构造背景,通过对典型盆地的研究,必将丰富和完善中国小陆块、多旋回盆地的克拉通内走滑断裂理论,为发现更多的油气指明方向。Exploration and development practices prove that intracratonic strike–slip faults control the development of carbonate reservoirs and the enrichment of oil and gas in the Tarim Basin.Intracratonic strike–slip faults are characterized by short displacement,small throw and great burial depth,so there are still many controversies on their structural evolution and formation mechanisms.In order to settle these controversies,this paper firstly analyzes the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the intracratonic strike–slip faults in the central Tarim Basin.Then,based on extensive high-accuracy 3D seismic data and 2D seismic data,the formation and evolution process of the intracratonic strike–slip faults in the Tarim Basin are discussed deeply,and their genetic mechanisms are explored.And the following research results are obtained.First,the strike–slip faults in the study area have the characteristics of vertical stratification,plane zonation and segmentation along the strike.Second,the movement direction of the deep transpressional strike–slip fault is simple.The NE and NNE strike–slip faults are sinistral,and the NNW strike–slip faults are dextral.However,the shallow transtensional faults are more different in the movement direction.The strike–slip faults have a displacement of 400–1500 m,and they are classified as intracratonic strike–slip fault with a small slip distance.Third,strike–slip faults were formed in the middle Caledonian,and some faults were reactivated in the late Caledonian–early Hercynian,late Hercynian,and Yanshanian–early Himalayan.The distribution of faults is different in different periods.Fourth,the formation of the strike–slip faults in the middle Caledonian is controlled by the basement heterogeneity and the compression action from the closure and subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean.The transtensional faults are R-shear branch faults or tensile break faults generated by the later activation of middle Caledonian strike–slip faults,and their formation is cont

关 键 词：塔里木盆地 克拉通 走滑断裂 构造特征 形成演化 成因机制 基底非均一性 周缘洋盆闭合 油气勘探方向 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]