陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较  

Isolation and Identification of Pathogens and Symptom Comparison of Black Spot Disease and Anthracnose of Shaanxi Dongzao Jujube

作　　者：王家哲 付博 任博文 李英梅 任平 张锋 WANG Jiazhe;FU Bo;REN Bowen;LI Yingmei;REN Ping;ZHANG Feng(Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710043;Enzyme Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710600;Shaanxi Forest Protection Institute,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710000)

机构地区：[1]陕西省生物农业研究所,陕西西安710043 [2]陕西省酶工程技术研究中心,陕西西安710600 [3]陕西省森林保护研究所,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第15期46-50,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：陕西省林业科学院科技创新计划专项资助项目(SXLK2020-0216);榆林市科技计划资助项目(2019-13)。

摘　　要：以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导。结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)。2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别。Taking the diseased jujube fruits collected from the Dongzao planting area in Dali County as materials,the method of usual tissue isolation to isolate and purify pathogenic fungus were used.The pathogens of black spot disease and anthracnose were identified according to Koch′s Rule,morphological observation and molecular biology analysis.And the field investigation method was used to compare and analyze the characteristics of the two diseases.The research aimed to effectively distinguish the symptoms of the black spot disease and anthracnose in the field,quickly determine the type of pathogens,and provide reference and guidance for further precisely prevention and control of the two diseases.The results showed that the pathogen of black spot disease was Alternaria tenuissima,and the pathogen of anthracnose was Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.The two diseases mainly harmed jujube fruits,forming dark brown spots on the fruit waists or shoulders of the jujube fruits,which may exist at the same time,but there were obvious differences between two kinds of diseased jujube fruits in three aspects.

关 键 词：冬枣 黑斑病 炭疽病 病原菌 特征比较 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]