屈家岭下层文化的界定、时空结构及相关问题  

Defining the Lower Qujialing Culture and Discussions on Its Spatial-temporal Framework and Related Issues

作　　者：单思伟 Shan Siwei

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院 [2]武汉大学长江文明考古研究院

出　　处：《四川文物》2021年第4期30-42,共13页Sichuan Cultural Relics

摘　　要：屈家岭下层文化是以屈家岭第二次发掘的下层遗存及同类遗存为代表的文化,以鼎、簋、曲腹杯为核心器物组合。屈家岭下层文化分为四期,地区类型可分为汉东平原的屈家岭类型、鄂东南的放鹰台类型和澧阳平原及峡江地区的城头山类型。屈家岭下层文化形成后,向北、东南都有少量渗透,主要是向西、西南大规模扩张,与大溪文化发生了激烈的碰撞,在其一、二期时占据了汉西平原东部、澧阳平原及沅江中上游,大溪文化退出这些地区,收缩到汉西平原西部至三峡库区,完成了早、晚期转变。屈家岭下层文化三、四期时继续向西深入到三峡库区,大溪文化最终瓦解。The Lower Qujialing culture is represented by material remains from the lower strata excavated in a second excavation project at the Qujialing site as well as by those of the same nature but revealed elsewhere. It is one most important stage in the cultural sequence of the eastern Jianghan Plain. The core of standard vessels of the Lower Qujialing culture includes ding-tripod, gui-tripod pitcher, and bei-cups with curved belly. The Lower Qujialing culture can be divided into four phases, represented by regional variants including the Qujialing variant in the eastern Jianghan Plain, the Fangyingtai variant in southeast Hubei, and the Chengtoushan variant in the Liyang Plain and the Xiajiang region. It is proposed that, upon formation, the Lower Qujialing culture expanded massively to its west and southwest where it interfered with the Daxi culture and dispersed to its north and southeast only mildly. During phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the strong impact of Lower Qujialing culture reached across eastern part of the western Jianghan Plain, the Liyang Plain, and the uppermiddle reach of the Yuanjiang River;consequently, elements of the Daxi culture soon disappeared from the regions mentioned above and seemed to be constrained in the western part of the western Jianghan Plain to what is now the Three Gorges reservoir, signaling a dramatic transformation of the Daxi culture. In phases Ⅲ and VI, the Lower Qujialing culture continued moving westward and finally into the Three Gorges reservoir area, leading to the demise of the Daxi culture. Overall speaking, it can be said that by the Lower Qujialing period, cultural system in the eastern Jianghan Plain had fully influenced the western Jianghan Plain, the Liyang Plain, and neighboring regions. Despite that its impact was not fully felt in the Three Gorges reservoir area, the cultural system had virtually integrated the core area of the middle Yangtze River valley(namely the Jianghan Plain and the Liyang Plain), which was crucial for the Qujialing culture to take full control of

关 键 词：屈家岭下层文化 文化界定 时空结构 文化互动 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]