干旱-复水对西红柿光合叶绿素荧光及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Drought-rewatering on Photosynthetic Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Water Use Efficiency of Tomatoes

作　　者：李佳佳 孔珂[1] 王书吉[2] 庞桂斌[1] LI Jia-jia;KONG Ke;WANG Shu-ji;PANG Gui-bin(University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,Shandong Province,China;Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056021,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学,山东济南250022 [2]河北工程大学,河北邯郸056021

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2021年第8期145-150,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：十三五重点研发计划项目子课题“优先流阻断水氮磷淋失调控灌溉技术”(2017YFD0800601);邯郸市科研项目“冬小麦节水、高产、优质微润灌模式”(19422011008-48);邯郸市节水灌溉重点实验室经费(20312904040)。

摘　　要：为了提高作物水分生产效率,缓解农业用水危机,采用调亏灌溉模式,在西红柿开花坐果期干旱一定时间后进行复水,通过测定亏-复水前后的光合参数和叶绿素荧光,来分析干旱-复水模式下西红柿的生理性能、产量和水分利用效率的变化。设置对照、3种干旱周期、3种灌水梯度,共10个处理;对照组处理土壤含水率始终保持在田间持水量90%~100%,3种干旱周期分别为连续干旱7、14和21 d,然后复水;3种灌水梯度处理使土壤含水率分别保持在田持的80%、60%和40%;结果表明:在短期干旱7、14 d胁迫下,西红柿叶片的Fv/Fm、Fv/F0均随胁迫程度的增加而降低,复水后均有所恢复,除土壤含水率为田间持水量的80%~60%处理能基本恢复至对照水平,其余处理均不能恢复至干旱前的状态,而连续干旱21 d后的各处理受抑制更明显,复水后不能完全恢复。在短期干旱7、14 d胁迫过程中C_(i)逐渐降低,G_(s)下降,且复水后C_(i)迅速恢复,说明P_(n)降低主要是气孔限制引起的,在干旱21 d处理阶段,各调亏处理的C_(i)不同于P_(n)和G_(s)的下降,反而相比干旱14 d处理C_(i)升高,说明连续干旱21 d,会产生非气孔限制因素导致西红柿P_(n)降低。土壤含水率为田间持水量的80%、60%处理在干旱7 d后的WUE高于对照组4.44%和1.90%,表明在干旱7 d条件下,将土壤含水率控制在田持的60%~80%有利于提高西红柿水分利用效率。因此,适度干旱处理降低西红柿的光合性能,干旱后复水对西红柿的水分利用效率提高具有积极作用。In order to improve the water production efficiency of crops and alleviate the agricultural water crisis,the regulated deficit irrigation mode is adopted to rehydrate the tomatoes after a certain period of drought during the flowering and fruit-bearing period.By measuring the photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence before and after depletion-rewatering,the physiological performance,yield and water use efficiency of tomatoes under drought-rewatering mode are analyzed.a control,3 drought periods,3 irrigation gradients,a total of 10 treatments are set up.The control group has always maintained the soil moisture content of the field water holding capacity of 90%~100%,and the 3 drought periods are continuous droughts for 7,14 and 21 d,and then re-watering.3 kinds of irrigation gradient treatments keep the soil moisture content at 80%,60%and 40%of the field hold respectively.The results show that under short-term drought stress of 7 d and 14d,the Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 of tomato leaves decrease with the increase in stress,and recover after rewatering,except that the soil moisture is 80%of the field water holding capacity.-60%treatment can roughly restore to the control level,the rest of the treatments can not restore the state before the drought,However,each treatment after 21 days of continuous drought is more inhibited,and it can not fully recover after rewatering.During the short-term drought stress of 7 and 14 d,C_(i) gradually decreased,G_(s) decreased,and C_(i) recovered rapidly after rewatering,indicating that the decrease in P_(n) is mainly caused by stomatal restriction.In the 21 d drought treatment stage,the C_(i) of each regulated deficit treatment is different from P_(n) and the decrease in G_(s),on the contrary,increases C_(i) compared with the 14 d drought treatment,indicating that the continuous drought for 21 days will produce non-stomata limiting factors that will reduce the P_(n) of tomatoes.The WUE of the soil moisture content of 80%and 60%of the field water holding capacity after 7 days of d

关 键 词：干旱-复水 叶绿素荧光 光合参数 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]