城堡原则与人身安全:基于人权视角的考察  

Castle Doctrine and Personal Security:A Human Rights Perspective

作　　者：耿焰[1] 张朝霞[1] Geng Yan;Zhang Zhaoxia

机构地区：[1]青岛大学法学院

出　　处：《人权研究（辑刊）》2021年第1期29-50,512,共23页Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：城堡原则指在住所内遭受侵犯的个人可以采取包括致命暴力在内的任何防卫措施来保卫其住所和住所里的人,不必退让。“城堡”的范围包括居所、工作场所和其他合法占有的独立空间。城堡原则中,防卫方和侵入方的法益不在一个层次,防卫方的人身安全优于或超越后者的法益,所以防卫方才有权使用包括致命暴力在内的防卫手段来防卫。从人权角度观察,城堡原则具有人权原则的本质特征,居于人权法位阶。这意味着城堡原则虽然不是实体法,但能够为实体法提供穗定的原理、准则。具体表现在其对宪法提供价值指导,对刑法、民法、行政法等基本法律提供规则指向,对整个法律体系各种部门法的相互协调、融合和补充提供知识指导,提醒部门法领会每个人的城堡即个人住所与个人人身安全不可分割的内在联系。The Castle Doctrine states that an individual who is the victim of a violation of his or her residence may take any defensive measures,including lethal violence,to defend his or her residence and the persons in it without any concession.The scope of“Castle”includes residence,workplace and other legally occupied independent space.In the Castle Doctrine,the legal interests of the defending party and the invading party are not on the same level,and the personal safety of the defending party is superior or superior to the legal interests of the latter.From the perspective of Human Rights,the Castle Doctrine has the essential characteristics of human rights principle and occupies the position of human rights law.This means that although the Castle Doctrine is not substantive law,it can provide stable principles and norms for substantive law.It provides value guidance to the constitution,rule guidance to the criminal law,civil law,administrative law and other basic laws,and knowledge guidance to the coordination,integration and supplement of all kinds of departmental laws in the whole legal system.The law of the department is reminded of the indissoluble internal connection between the personal safety of the individual and his castle,his residence.

关 键 词：城堡原则 人身安全 人权原则 住所 防卫 

分 类 号：D034.5[政治法律—政治学]