《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》中权利限制条款的理论逻辑  

The Theoretical Logic of the Limitation Clauses in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

作　　者：原欣 Yuan Xin

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《人权研究（辑刊）》2021年第1期77-106,513,514,共32页Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》中权利限制条款最深层次的问题在于界定和处理个人权利与国家权力之间的关系。从个人与国家关系的视角看,人权运行存在两种模式:防御权模式和合作权模式。权利限制条款就是两者交互运行的体现,防御权模式强调国家在对个人权利施加限制时必须遵守的限度,即“限制的限制”,合作权模式则体现为国家保障人权的积极义务,两者间的张力促进应有人权和法定人权不断转换为实有人权。这也是多元人权观的碰撞、互动和融合在《公约》中的反映和折射。The most profound issue of the limitation clauses in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is defining and dealing with the relationship between individual rights and state power.From the perspective of the relationship between individual and state,there are two modes of human rights operation:the mode of defense right and the mode of cooperation right.The limitation clauses are the embodiment of the interaction between the two.The mode of defense right emphasizes the limits that the state must observe when imposing limitations on individual rights,that is,the limiting the limitations.The structure mode of cooperation right reflects the positive obligation to ensure the realization of the human rights.This paper argues that it is necessary to promote the continuous conversion of inherent and legal human rights into actual human rights within the tension of the two models,which is also the reflection and refraction of the collision,interaction and integration of multiple human rights views in the Covenant.

关 键 词：权利限制条款 限制的限制 积极义务 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]