非洲国家制定和实施人权行动计划的概况、成效与启示  

Human Rights Action Plans in African Countries:Profiles,Effects and Revelations

作　　者：许尧[1,2] Xu Yao

机构地区：[1]南开大学人权研究中心(国家人权教育与培训基地) [2]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院

出　　处：《人权研究（辑刊）》2021年第1期357-384,521,522,共30页Journal of Human Rights

基　　金：国家人权教育与培训基地重大项目“各国国家人权行动计划比较研究”(项目编号:13JJD820022)的研究成果。

摘　　要：1993年世界人权大会举行以来,非洲共有9个国家实施了10期人权行动计划。这些行动计划对保障政治权利和公民权利以及经济、社会和文化权利等做出了具体的安排,表达了执政者对促进人权保障的良好愿望。从各国人类发展指数的历史数据及联合国普遍定期审议的相关报告来看,非洲国家制定和实施国家人权行动计划有助于在某些特定方面改善本国的人权保障水平,提高国际社会的认可程度,但并不能够保证人权状况的根本好转。这充分表明,行动计划对人权状态的提升作用受制于一系列特定条件。综合比较各国计划的内容和实施效果,有五对关系尤其值得特别关注,即历史与现实的关系,国际与本土的关系,经济、社会和文化权利与政治公民权利的关系,秩序与计划的关系,承诺与实现能力的关系。Since the world conference on human rights in 1993,there are 10 human rights action plans which made by 9 African countries.These action plans make specific arrangements for the protection of political and civil rights,economic,social and cultural rights,and express the good wishes of the rulers to promote human rights.According to the human development index and UPR reports,the development and implementation of national human rights action plans by African countries do some help to improve human rights protection in some specific aspects,but it does not guarantee a better human rights situation in overall status.This fully demonstrates that the promotion of the human rights status through action plans is subject to a range of specific conditions.By comparing the content and effectiveness of the plans,there are five pairs of relationships that deserve special attention,namely,history and reality,international and local,economic,social&culture rights and civil&political rights,public order and human rights action plan,human rights commitment and realization capability.

关 键 词：非洲国家 国家人权行动计划 人权政策 

分 类 号：D74[政治法律—政治学]