华北地区煤矸石山生态修复草本植物种优选  

Selection of herb species for ecological restoration of coal gangue piles in North China

作　　者：朱琦[1,2] 聂欣然[1] 张勇 胡振琪[1,4] Zhu Qi;Nie Xinran;Zhang Yong;Hu Zhenqi(Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Beijing 100012,China;Yangquan Coal Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Yangquan 045000,Shanxi,China;School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)土地复垦与生态重建研究所,北京100083 [2]湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]阳泉煤业(集团)有限责任公司,山西阳泉045000 [4]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2021年第8期90-97,共8页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1805003)。

摘　　要：【目的】优选出能够适应华北地区煤矸石山斜角大、贫瘠和干旱等生境特点的先锋植物,构建稳定的植被群落,以解决酸性煤矸石山因缺乏植被覆盖而导致的水土流失、复燃和扬尘等环境问题。【方法】采用野外实验的方式,以生命周期、盖度、重要值和生态位宽度为指标,对土地复垦常用草本植物和华北地区本土植物共14个优势种进行了分析比较和评价。【结果】人工引种的紫花苜蓿和兴安黄耆能够较好的适应煤矸石山生境,在复垦坡面的植被群落中始终保持优势地位,生命周期为7个月以上,最大分盖度为33.93%和17.59%,但在6−9月盖度明显下降;本土物种中茵陈蒿生态位较宽,在7月和9月盖度最高,最大分盖度为12.67,能够弥补紫花苜蓿和兴安黄耆在夏季盖度较低的不足。【结论】紫花苜蓿、兴安黄耆和茵陈蒿3种草本植物对酸性煤矸石山的适应能力较强,具备作为煤矸石山植被恢复先锋物种的潜力。[Objective]This paper aims to screen out the pioneer plants that can adapt to the habitat characteristics such as large slope angle,barrenness and aridity of coal gangue piles in North China,and build a stable vegetation community to solve the environmental problems such as soil erosion,re-ignition and dust emission caused by the lack of vegetation cover in acidic coal gangue piles.[Method]14 dominant species of herbaceous plants commonly used in land reclamation and those native to North China were analyzed and compared by field experiments using life cycle,cover,significance value and ecological position width as indicators.[Result]The artificially introduced Medicago sativa and Astragalus dahuricus can adapt well to the habitat of the coal gangue pile,and maintain an advantageous position in the vegetation community on the reclaimed slope,with a life cycle of more than 7 months,the maximum sub-coverage of 33.93%and 17.59%,but from June to September,the cover decreased significantly.Among the native species,Artemisia capillaris had a wider ecological position,with the highest cover in July and September,and the maximum sub-coverage of 12.67,can make up for the lack of Medicago sativa and Astragalus dahuricus in the summer cover is lower.[Conclusion]The above three herbaceous plants can be used as the pioneer species for the future vegetation restoration in the coal gangue piles.

关 键 词：煤矸石山 生态修复 草本植物 先锋物种 

分 类 号：X752[环境科学与工程—环境工程]