基于驾驶室舱内声学特性的动力吸振器设计研究  

Design and Research of Dynamic Vibration Absorber Based on Acoustic Characteristics of Interior Sound Field in a Cab

作　　者：李晨阳 刘鹏[1] 陈宏[1] 王坤[1] LI Chenyang;LIU Peng;CHEN Hong;WANG Kun(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学机械与动力工程学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（工学版）》2021年第4期47-52,共6页Journal of Zhengzhou University（Engineering Science）

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(182102210016)。

摘　　要：为了降低汽车驾驶室舱内噪声,提高驾乘人员舒适度,开展了利用动力吸振器降低驾驶室舱内噪声的研究。将某型号商务车驾驶室进行简化,简化后驾驶室结构和内部声腔声固耦合模型采用有限元方法建模。首先,计算得到驾驶员右耳处声压响应,将声压最高的2个峰值频率作为动力吸振器工作频率;其次,利用声传递向量分析该点面板声贡献量,将声贡献量最高的面板作为动力吸振器控制对象;再次,利用正交多项式法识别被控面板的等效质量;最后,依据此等效质量设计动力吸振器。与将振动腹点作为动力吸振器被控对象相比,将面板声贡献量最高的面板作为动力吸振器被控对象的峰值声压降低1.46 d B;与利用质量感应法确定被控面板等效质量相比,采用正交多项式法确定等效质量的降噪率提高18.9%。计算结果表明:根据面板声贡献量确定驾驶室被控面板,利用正交多项式计算被控面板等效质量的动力吸振器设计方法,可以更有效地降低驾驶室舱内噪声。To reduce the noise in a cabin and improve the comfort of drivers and passengers,study of reducing the interior noise of the cab was carried out by using dynamic vibration absorbers( DVA). A commercial vehicle cab was simplified. The structure-acoustic coupling model of the simplified cab and its acoustic cavity was established by the finite element method. At first,the sound pressure at the right ear of a driver was predicted,and the frequencies of the highest two pressure peaks were treated as the working frequencies of DVAs.Secondly,the structural panel acoustic pressure contribution at the field point was calculated by the acoustic transfer vector,and the panel with the highest acoustic contribution was treated as the object of the DVA. After then,the equivalent mass of the panel as the object was identified by the orthogonal polynomial method.Finally,the DVA was designed based on the equivalent mass. Compared with using the anti-vibration point as the controlled object of the DVA,using the panel with the highest acoustic contribution as the object of the DVA could reduced the peak sound pressure by 1. 46 d B compared with the previous method. Compared with using the mass induction method to determine the equivalent mass of the controlled panel,using the orthogonal polynomial method to determine the equivalent mass could increase the noise reduction rate by 18. 9%. According to the acoustic contribution to determine the controlled panel,and the equivalent mass computed by the orthogonal polynomials,this DVA design method could more effectively reduce the noise in the cab.

关 键 词：车内声学特性 动力吸振器 有限元法 面板声贡献量 正交多项式法 

分 类 号：TB535.1[理学—物理]