人工智能带来的法律挑战及立法应对  

Legislative Response to Legal Challenges Brought by Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：王红霞 张安毅[2] WANG Hong-xia;ZHANG An-yi(People’s Procuratorate of Zhengzhou Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone,Zhengzhou,Henan 450000;School of Civil and Commercial Law,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou,Henan 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州航空港经济综合实验区人民检察院,河南郑州450000 [2]河南财经政法大学民商法学院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《长江师范学院学报》2021年第4期83-89,共7页Journal of Yangtze Normal University

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“面向国家人工智能战略的专利制度研究”(2019BFX004)。

摘　　要：人工智能的出现对传统法律主体制度、权利制度和责任制度都带来了挑战。人工智能没有自身独立的存在目的和独立意志、独立财产,需要约束、规范的是人工智能背后的人类行为,立法没有赋予人工智能独立主体地位的条件和必要。人工智能生成物可以客观地符合独创性标准而构成作品,但人工智能本身不具有创作作品的动力,人工智能活动代表了所有人的意志,将人工智能生成物的著作权赋予人工智能所有人,符合权利激励的制度目的,也符合作品著作权归属于创作人的法理。人工智能致损的侵权责任不能按照一般侵权或者高度危险作业侵权归责原则解决,应按照产品责任规则由生产者、设计者对受害人承担无过错侵权责任,由销售者、第三人承担过错侵权责任。The emergence of artificial intelligence challenges the traditional legal subject system,right system and responsibil⁃ity system.Artificial intelligence does not have its own independent purpose,independent will and independent property.What needs to be restrained and standardized is the human behavior behind artificial intelligence.There is no condition and necessity for the legislation to give artificial intelligence the independent subject status.Artificial intelligence products can objectively conform to the standards of originality and constitute works,but artificial intelligence itself does not have the power to create works.Artificial intelligence activities represent the will of its creator,so giving the copyright of artificial intelligence product to its owner is in line with the purpose of rights incentive system and the legal principle that the copyright of works belongs to the creator.The tort liability caused by artificial intelligence cannot be solved according to the principle of general tort or highly dangerous operation tort.According to the product liability rules,the producers and designers should bear no fault tort liability for the victims,and the sellers and the third party should bear fault tort liability.

关 键 词：人工智能 主体 权利 责任 立法 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]