采矿与气候变化对戈壁矿区土地生态系统的影响——以准东煤炭基地为例  

Effects of mining activities and climate change on land ecosystem in Gobi mining area:A case study of Zhundong Coal Base

作　　者：于昊辰 陈浮[1,2,3] 尹登玉 韩晓彤 牟守国[1,2] 雷少刚[1,2,4] 卞正富 YU Haochen;CHEN Fu;YIN Dengyu;HAN Xiaotong;MU Shouguo;LEI Shaogang;BIAN Zhengfu(Observation and Research Station of Ministry of Education for Resource Exhausted Mining Area Land Restoration and Ecological Succession,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Low Carbon Energy Institute,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China;Engineering Research Center of Shandong Province for Restoration of coal Mining Subsidence and Gob Area,Jining 272100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学资源枯竭矿区土地修复与生态演替教育部野外科学观测研究站,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学矿山生态修复教育部工程研究中心,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国矿业大学低碳能源研究院,江苏徐州221008 [4]山东省采煤塌陷地与采空区治理工程研究中心,山东济宁272100

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2021年第8期2650-2663,共14页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金新疆联合基金重点资助项目(U1903209);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划资助项目(KYCX21_2113);国家自然科学基金新疆联合基金培育资助项目(U2003103)。

摘　　要：新疆煤炭富集、植被稀疏、生态脆弱与气候干旱并存,亟待破解煤炭开发与生态保护的矛盾。为此,选取准东煤炭基地为研究对象,利用2000—2020年18期Landsat多光谱遥感影像提取干旱遥感生态指数(I_(ARSE)),并运用逐像元趋势分析法揭示准东I_(ARSE)时空演变,借助多元回归模型与残差分析解析采矿与气候变化对戈壁矿区土地生态系统质量的影响机制。结果表明:①近20 a研究区平均I_(ARSE)为0.4038,以中等(44.22%)与较差等(41.27%)为主,优等仅占1.57%。退化占比(41.19%)远高于改善(7.05%),且矿山尺度退化占比超85%。②气候条件模拟的I′ARSE呈西南向东北递减的格局。2006年之后气候变化改善了I′_(ARSE),主要集中在大井东部、将军庙东北部、西黑山北部,退化则主要分布于五彩湾矿区。③采矿对土地生态系统质量具有负效应,平均残差为-0.128,采矿诱发的退化集中于新增矿区与新建道路两侧,呈“点—线—网—面”退化格局。④戈壁矿区土地生态系统质量主要受气候变化影响,采矿影响较小,但2者对I_(ARSE)改善区与退化区作用不同,气候变化与采矿对改善区贡献率分别为88.53%与11.47%,对退化区则分别为58.68%与41.32%。综上认为,戈壁矿区煤炭开发应规避自然保护区,尽量减少不必要的路网建设,重视道路两侧生态防护与修复,避免生态沿路向外进一步退化。此外,可依托近年气候利好趋势,辅以必要的人工诱导,推动戈壁矿区整体保护、系统修复与综合治理。Owing to the coexistence of coal enrichment,sparse vegetation,fragile ecology and arid climate in Xinjiang,it was urgent to solve the contradiction problem between coal exploitation and ecological protection.Therefore,the Zhundong Coal Base was selected as the case study,and the Arid Remote Sensing Ecological Index(I_(ARSE))was extracted from the Landsat multi-spectral remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020.Then,the spatio-temporal variation ARSEI was revealed by pixel-by-pixel trend analysis.Finally,the effect of mining and climate change on the quality of land ecosystem in Gobi mining area was analyzed with the help of multiple regression model and residual analysis.The results show that①in the past 20 years,the average I_(ARSE)was 0.4038,mainly medium(44.22%)and poor(41.27%),but excellent level only accounted for 1.57%.The proportion of degradation area(41.19%)was much higher than that of improvement area(7.05%).Specially,the proportion of mine scale degradation was more than 85%.②The I′_(ARSE)simulated by climatic conditions showed a decreasing pattern from southwest to northeast.Climate change had improved I′_(ARSE)since 2006.The improvement area was mainly concentrated in the east of Dajing,the northeast of Jiangjunmiao and the north of Xiheishan,while the degradation area was mainly distributed in Wucaiwan.③Mining had a negative effect on the quality of land eco-system,with an average residual of-0.128.The degradation induced by mining was concentrated in the new mining area and on both sides of the new road,showing a degradation pattern with the characteristic of“point-line-net-surface”.④The impact of climate change on the quality of land ecosystem in Gobi mining area was greater than that of mining activity,but their effects on I_(ARSE)improvement area and degradation area were different.For improved areas,the contribution rates of climate change and mining were 88.53%and 11.47%,respectively.But for the degraded areas,the contribution rates of climate change and mining were 58.68%and 41.32

关 键 词：土地生态系统 戈壁矿区 气候变化 采矿 干旱遥感生态指数 残差分析 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]