某高校一起诺如病毒感染暴发疫情调查分析  

Investigation and analysis on the outbreak epidemic of Norovirus infection in a university

作　　者：叶新[1] 刘钢[1] 张宏[1] 江淑仪 冯伊彦 柳勤[1] 李桂怡 YE Xin;LIU Gang;ZHANG Hong;JIANG Shu-yi;FENG Yi-yan;LIU Qin;LI Gui-yi(Guangzhou Tianhe District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangdong510655,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市天河区疾病预防控制中心,广东510655

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2021年第8期792-795,800,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金项目(B2020005)。

摘　　要：目的分析某高校一起诺如病毒感染暴发疫情原因,进一步探讨校园诺如病毒感染疫情防控措施。方法根据防控方案要求,制定病例定义,在全校范围内搜索病例并进行调查,采用描述性流行病学方法分析疫情特征,对病例肛拭子标本开展病原学检测。结果本起疫情共发病68例,罹患率为1.49%(68/4570),男生罹患率1.10%(4/365),女生罹患率1.58%(64/4055),男女生罹患率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.51,P>0.05)。临床症状主要表现为呕吐和腹泻,其中有呕吐症状者(≥2次/d)52例,占76.47%(52/68);腹泻症状者(≥3次/d)28例,占41.18%(28/68);伴有发热症状者23例,占33.82%(23/68)。本起疫情共检出诺如病毒GⅡ阳性标本14份,其中11份为现症学生病例标本、3份为校外餐饮店从业人员标本。首发病例发病时间为2020年11月20日,11月22日为发病高峰,末例病例发病时间为11月27日。结论这是一起由诺如病毒GⅡ型引起的诺如病毒感染暴发疫情,早期学生可能因食用校外餐饮机构食物而感染诺如病毒后回校未被及时发现和隔离,进而出现校内接触传播。经过及时开展隔离病例、场所消毒、健康宣传等疫情控制措施,疫情最终得到全面控制,疫情结束。Objective To analyze the causes of outbreak of Norovirus infection in a university,and to further discuss the prevention and control measures of Norovirus infection in campus.Methods The case definition was formulated according to the requirements of the prevention and control program,the cases were searched and investigated in the whole school,descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic characteristics,and anal swab samples were detected for pathogenic detection.Results A total of 68 cases were reported with an attack rate of 1.49%(68/4570)in the epidemic,the attack rate of male and female students was 1.10%(4/365)and 1.58%(64/4055)respectively,and no significant difference was found between male and female students in terms of the attack rate(χ^(2)=0.51,P>0.05).The main clinical symptoms of cases were vomiting and diarrhea,52 cases(76.47%,52/68)suffered from vomiting(≥2 times/day),28 cases had diarrhea(≥3 times/day),accounting for 41.18%(28/68),and there were 23 cases with fever symptoms,accounting for 33.82%(23/68).A total of 14 Norovirus GⅡpositive samples were detected in the epidemic,11 samples were samples of current student cases and 3 samples were samples of off-campus restaurant employees.The attack time of first case occurred on November 20,2020,the peak hit on November 22,and the attack of the last case occurred on November 27.Conclusion The epidemic is determined to be an outbreak epidemic of infectious diarrhea caused by Norovirus GⅡ.The students were not found and timely quarantined after they were infected with Norovirus probably due to food consumption in off-campus restaurant in early stage of the epidemic,and then on-campus contact and transmission occurred.Finally,the epidemic was completely controlled and ended after timely quarantine of cases,place disinfection,health publicity and other epidemic control measures.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 学校 暴发疫情 流行病学 调查 分析 

分 类 号：R512.5[医药卫生—内科学]