西藏黑斑原消化道寄生蠕虫的群落结构和感染情况  

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND INFECTION OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS IN GLYPTOSTERNUM MACULATUM FROM TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION,CHINA

作　　者：潘瑛子 PAN Ying-Zi(Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Institute of Fishery Sciences,Lasa 850032,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所,西藏土著鱼类繁育与利用技术工程研究中心,拉萨850032

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2021年第5期1034-1044,共11页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：西藏自治区重点研发及转化项目(黑斑原苗种规模化养殖及后备亲鱼种质保存)资助

摘　　要：为了解西藏特有鱼类黑斑原(Glyptosternum maculatum)消化道寄生蠕虫的群落结构和感染情况,于2019年5-8月对383尾黑斑原进行了调查。在黑斑原消化道中共发现7种寄生蠕虫,分别为深槽绦虫未定种(Bothriocephalus sp.)、原头绦虫未定种(Proteocephalus sp.)、异肉吸虫未定种(Allocreadium sp.)、新棘吻虫未定种(Neoechinorhynchus sp.)、裸鲤棘头虫(Echinorhynchus gymnocyprii)、Contracaecum eudyptulae和杆咽线虫未定种(Rhabdochona sp.),并对各个物种的形态特征进行了描述。将黑斑原按整个群体、不同性别和不同全长群体进行划分,分别对其消化道寄生蠕虫的群落多样性和优势虫种进行分析,并对各寄生蠕虫物种的感染情况进行统计。结果表明:在黑斑原群体中,消化道寄生蠕虫群落的Shannon-Wiener指数为1.53,Berger-Parker指数为0.37,优势物种为C. eudyptulae,其感染数量、感染率、感染强度和平均丰度均为最高;在黑斑原不同性别群体中, Shannon-Wiener指数为0.26-1.57, Berger-Parker指数为0.34-0.93,优势物种为C.eudyptulae,雄性群体中新棘吻虫未定种也为优势虫种,两者的感染率和平均丰度均较高;在黑斑原不同全长群体中, Shannon-Wiener指数为0.22-1.59, Berger-Parker指数为0.34-0.94,优势物种为C. eudyptulae或新棘吻虫未定种,感染率和平均丰度基本以二者为最高。研究进一步明确了西藏鱼类寄生虫的种类组成和寄生特点,为研究体内寄生蠕虫的环境适应性及与宿主的协同进化提供基础资料。Glyptosternum maculatum is the only fish belong to Glyptosternum in China,and it is the fish that only lives in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet Autonomous Region.In order to understand the community structure of gastrointestinal helminths and infection of G.maculatum,the endemic fish of Tibet Autonomous Region,383 individuals of the species were dissected from May 2019 to August 2019.Seven species of gastrointestinal helminths were found of G.maculatum,including Bathybothrium sp.,Proteocephalus sp.,Allocreadium sp.,Neoechinorhynchus sp.,Echinorhynchus gymnocyprii,Contracaecum eudyptulae and Rhabdochona sp..Most of them were widespread parasites.The population of G.maculatum were divided into whole group,different sex groups and different total-length groups.The gastrointestinal helminths’community diversity,dominant species and infection of G.maculatum with different groups were respectively analyzed.The results were as follows:in the whole group of G.maculatum,the Shannon-Wiener index and the Berger-Parker index of the gastrointestinal helminths were 1.53 and 0.37 respectively,and the dominant species was C.eudyptulae,which had the highest infection quantity,infection rate,infection intensity and average abundance.In the different sex group,the Shannon-Wiener index was 0.2—1.57,the Berger-Parker index was 0.34—0.93,the dominant species was Contracaecum sp.in all sex groups,and the Neoechinorhynchus sp.was the dominant species in the female group.The infection rate and mean abundance of C.eudyptulae and Neoechinorhynchus sp.were high.In the different total-length group,the Shannon-Wiener index was 0.22—1.59,the Berger-Parker index was 0.34—0.94,the dominant species was C.eudyptulae or Neoechinorhynchus sp.The infection rate and mean abundances with both helminths were high.It can be concluded that the dominant species in the gastrointestinal helminths of native fishes in Tibet Autonomous Region were mainly nematodes,and most of them were heteroparasites.Fish were only their intermediate hosts,and bird

关 键 词：黑斑原 消化道 寄生蠕虫 群落结构 感染率 平均丰度 西藏 

分 类 号：S941.5[农业科学—水产养殖]