四种鲤科鱼类对捕食胁迫行为响应的种间比较  

INTERSPECIFIC COMPARISON OF THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO PREDATION STRESS IN FOUR CYPRINIDS

作　　者：王亚 付成 胡月 付世建 WANG Ya;FU Cheng;HU Yue;FU Shi-Jian(Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学进化生理与行为学实验室,重庆市动物生物学重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2021年第5期1154-1163,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31700340和31670418)资助。

摘　　要：为了比较早期捕食胁迫经历和当前环境中存在的捕食者对鱼类行为的影响,并考查这些影响是否存在种间差异,研究分别考查了测定环境(有、无捕食者存在)对有、无捕食胁迫经历的鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)和中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)等4种鲤科鱼类探索性、活跃性和勇敢性的影响。结果发现:早期捕食胁迫经历与当前环境条件对鱼类行为产生截然不同的影响,且存在较大的种间差异。无捕食胁迫经历的鳊、草鱼和中华倒刺鲃均会对陌生的捕食者乌鳢(Channa argus)做出行为响应,提示这3种鱼可能对陌生捕食者具有一定的识别能力,但这种识别与猎物鱼通过捕食胁迫经历获得的识别仍具有一定差距;具有捕食胁迫经历的鳊和中华倒刺鲃在空白环境中未表现出反捕食行为,可能是节约能量的一种策略。总体而言,草鱼对捕食胁迫经历和测定环境处理反应更为敏感,而中华倒刺鲃的反应则相对保守。但当周围环境中存在捕食者时,4种鲤科鱼类均会通过维持较高运动状态的方式来应对捕食者。维持这种应激状态可能对猎物鱼保持与捕食者的距离,并随时保持警惕较为关键。In nature,fish often suffer from various of predation stress.Thus,prey fish often respond to their predators by adjusting their behavior,which is called anti-predator behavior.Investigating the correlations between behavioral characteristics of fishes and their physiological functions and habitat environment at the interspecific level is helpful to understand the internal mechanism of interspecific differentiation of behavioral strategies of fishes,therefore ecologically important.The previous predation stress experience and the presence of predators in the current environment may act different effects on the behavior of prey fish,because the prey fish need to maximize survival and minimize the cost of anti-predator behavior.The aims of this study were to compare the effects of previous predation stress experience and the presence of predators in the current environment on the behavior of prey fish,and to examine whether there are interspecific differences for these effects.In this study,the effects of both previous predation stress experience and present predation stress on exploration,activity and boldness in juvenile bream(Parabramis pekinensis),grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),crucian carp(Carassius auratus)and qingbo(Spinibarbus sinensis)were investigated.The results showed that,the effects of predation stress experienced early on the behavior of fish are quite different from those of predators in the current environment,and these effects are also quite different among the four species.The naïve bream,grass carp and qingbo performed anti-predator behavior to the strange predator snakehead fish(Channa argus),which suggested that these three fish could recognize the strange predator snakehead fish,but such a recognition is still different from the recognition obtained from real predation experience.The bream and qingbo with predation stress experience did not exhibited anti-predator behavior in blank environment,which may be a strategy for conserving energy.In general,grass carps were more sensitive to pr

关 键 词：捕食胁迫 反捕食行为 鲤科鱼类 种间差异 识别 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]