腐殖酸钠对稻虾养殖环境中水质和浮游生物的短期影响  

Short-Term Effect of Sodium Humate on Physicochemical Properties and Plankton Community of Water in Rice Shrimp Co-Culture Environment

作　　者：葛玲瑞[1] 向劲[2] 刘科均 贾伟华 谢仲桂 GE Lingrui;XIANG Jin;LIU Kejun;JIA Weihua;XIE Zhonggui(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic,Changsha 410127,China;Hunan Fisheries Research Institute,Changsha 410153,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南生物机电职业技术学院动物科技学院,长沙410127 [2]湖南省水产科学研究所,长沙410153

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2021年第4期440-450,共11页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2018JJ3265);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(19C1097)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究腐殖酸钠对稻田养虾水体的短期影响,提升稻虾综合种养效率。【方法】将湖南湘潭一稻虾试验基地阻断为东侧(施用腐殖酸钠)和西侧(空白对照)进行对比,监测腐殖酸钠施用前后不同阶段水体中的理化因子及浮游动、植物群落变化,并对这一系列变化进行时间和空间对比,进行影响因素冗余分析。【结果】①腐殖酸钠在短时期内(7 d)能显著降低水体中溶氧及透明度,之后这一影响逐步减少,但对pH的影响时间相对较长。②稻田虾沟中共检测到浮游植物45种(属),优势种为普林鞘藻(Hodogonium pringsheimii)与双星藻(Zygnema Agardh)。浮游动物28种,优势种为月形刺胞虫(Acanthocystis erinaceus)与无节幼体(Nauplius);③试验期间,浮游植物种类数与密度变化趋势一致,腐殖酸钠区均表现出先降后升的趋势,空白对照区则小幅上升或保持稳定,显示出腐殖酸钠在短时期内(7 d)抑制虾沟中的浮游植物生长,但至第14天时这种影响逐步减少;④腐殖酸钠对浮游动物群落分布无明显影响。【结论】在稻虾养殖水体中,适量使用腐殖酸钠在短期内可改变理化因子和浮游植物群落分布,并对丝状绿藻(青苔)有抑制效果,丝状绿藻密度越高则抑制效果越明显。【Objective】This study was conducted to explore the short-term effect of sodium humate on the water quality of paddy shrimp.【Method】A paddy shrimp experiment base in Xiangtan,Hunan Province was divided into the east side(treated with sodium humate)and the west side(control)for comparison.Phytoplankton species composition,density,filamentous green algae quantity,zooplankton species composition,biomass,the proportion of large and medium-sized zooplankton were monitored in different stages of water before and after the application of sodium humate,and the temporal and spatial variations of these indexes were compared and analyzed.【Result】The results showed that①Sodium humate can significantly reduce dissolved oxygen and transparency in water in a short period(7 d),and then the effect is gradually reduced,but the effect on pH is relatively long;②A total of 45 species(genera)of phytoplankton were detected in the paddy field,and the dominant species were Hodogonium pringsheimii and Zygnema agardh.There were 28 species of zooplankton,and the dominant species were Acanthocystis erinaceus and Nauplius;③During the test period,the number of phytoplankton species and the density changed in the same trend.The sodium humate area showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,while the blank control area increased slightly or remained stable,showing that sodium humate was within a short period of time(7 d)inhibit the growth of phytoplankton in the treated areas,but this effect will gradually decrease by the 14th day;④Sodium humate had no significant effect on the zooplankton community.【Conclusion】The rice shrimp culture water treated with the appropriate amount of sodium humate can alter the physiochemical environment and the phytoplankton community in a short period.An inhibitory effect of sodium humate was also observed on filamentous green algae(lichen),and the increasing density of filamentous green algae showed stronger inhibitory effect.

关 键 词：腐殖酸钠 稻虾综合种养 浮游生物 丝状绿藻 

分 类 号：S966[农业科学—水产养殖] S946[农业科学—水产科学]