拨云见日——揭示中国盾构机技术赶超的艰辛与辉煌  

Dispel the Clouds and See the Sun:Reveal the Hardship and Glory of China's Shield Machine Technology Catch-up

作　　者：欧阳桃花[1] 曾德麟 Ouyang Taohua;Zeng Delia

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院 [2]北京交通大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2021年第8期194-206,228,共14页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号:71632003、71972008、71702008);北京市自然科学基金项目(基金号:9192016)的资助。

摘　　要：盾构机如神舟飞船、高铁一样被公认为世界级领跑产品、国之重器,然而这一世界级现象却没得到国内管理学界应有的重视,此领域研究处于空白状态。本文旨在通过复盘中国盾构机突破西方技术封锁的赶超过程,提炼中国企业技术赶超的路径与创新组织模式。本研究发现:(1)复杂产品系统的技术赶超分为起步期与加速期两个阶段,前者的难题是如何解决从无到有的"冷启动"悖论,后者的难题在于如何平衡全新产品的技术升级与老产品的迭代创新之间的关系;(2)为解决上述两个难题,中国盾构机头部企业另辟蹊径创造出"双循环创新组织模式",即由核心企业联合产学研其他创新主体,自上而下化解技术"冷启动"悖论,自下而上解决新技术升级与老产品迭代的矛盾。上述创新模式既不同于发达国家在已有核心技术基础上的再创新,也不同于后发国家所遵从的生产—工程—创新的逆A-U创新模式。本研究有助于揭示,基础相对薄弱而又受到西方技术封锁的中国企业如何在资源与时间双约束困境下,实现从追赶到领跑世界的华丽转身,对指导中国企业攻克"卡脖子技术",立足世界技术之巅具有重大启示。Like Shenzhou Spaceship and high-speed railway,shield machine is recognized as the world-class leading product and a pillar of the great power.However,this phenomenon has not been paid deserved attention by domestic management academic cycle and the research in this field is blank.This paper aims to summarize the path of Chinese enterprises"technology catch-up and innovative organization mode through reflecting on the catch-up process of China's shield machine which breaks through western technology blockade.Findings are as follows.First,the technology catch-up process of complex product system can be divided into two stages:starting stage and accelerating stage.The former aims to solve the paradox of"cold start"while the latter is about how to balance the relationship between the technology upgrading of brand-new product and the iterative innovation of old product.Second,in order to solve these two problems,China^s shield machine industry creates a"double-cycle innovation organization mode".In this mode,the core enterprise allies with other innovative subjects of Industry-University-Research to resolve the paradox of technology"cold start"from top to bottom.Besides,the core enterprise solves the contradiction between new technology upgrading and old product iteration from bottom to top.This new mode is not only different from secondary innovation and evolution path based on existing industrial core technologies in developed countries,but also different from the gradual catching-up path of production-engineering-innovation ability followed by developing countries.The paper helps to reveal how Chinese enterprises with relatively weak foundation and blockade on new technology can success in catching up and leading the world under the constraint of resources and time.It is of great significance to guide Chinese enterprises to overcome"neck-jamming technology"and take over the top of world technology.

关 键 词：中国盾构机 技术赶超 产品架构 关键零部件技术 双循环创新组织模式 

分 类 号：F426.4[经济管理—产业经济] F273.1