基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的北京地区鱼类多样性调查和外来鱼种入侵风险评估  

Environmental DNA metabarcoding-based monitoring of fish diversity and screening invasion risk of non-native fishes in the Beijing area

作　　者：刘波 王浩 秦斌 范仲儒 熊薇[2] 陈义永 LIU Bo;WANG Hao;QIN Bin;FAN Zhongru;XIONG Wei;CHEN Yiyong(Beijing Hydrology Center,Beijing 100089,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市水文总站,北京100089 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2021年第3期220-229,共10页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31800307)。

摘　　要：【目的】调查北京地区鱼类多样性和群落分布及评估外来鱼种的入侵风险。【方法】选取北京地区水库、湖泊和河流3种水体类型共33个采样点,于2020年6月10—17日开展水生态监测,利用环境DNA宏条形码技术对各样点的鱼类多样性和群落结构进行监测和分析,对目前北京地区水生态系统中本地鱼种和外来鱼种进行分类汇总,并评估典型外来入侵鱼种的入侵风险。【结果】本次调查共检测到52种淡水鱼类,隶属于7目22科43属。首先,物种多样性和群落结构(主坐标PCOA分析和相似性ANOSIM分析)结果表明,水库、湖泊和河流3种水体类型的所有鱼类物种多样性和群落结构没有显著差异,不同水体类型中鱼类物种存在同质化现象。优势度分析结果显示,3种水体类型的优势种绝大部分是交叠的,不同水体类型特有的优势种较少。山区自然水体样点的鱼类物种多样性和生物量高于城区各样点,表明人类活动和城市化进程等可能对北京市河流鱼类多样性和群落空间分布产生影响。其次,通过与历史记载比较,北京地区的本地鱼类多样性呈下降趋势。本次检测到39种北京地区的本地原生鱼种,远远低于历史记载(83种)。此外,本次调查发现北京地区外来鱼种的比例大大增加,共检测到13种外来鱼种。其中,尼罗罗非鱼、大口黑鲈、蟾胡鲶、加蓬胡鲶、饰妆铠弓鱼和坦噶尼喀口孵非鲫6种属于外来入侵鱼种。最后,借助FISK V2指标体系对外来入侵鱼类入侵风险进行评估,结果表明,上述6种外来入侵鱼种在北京地区均具有高入侵风险,可对当地物种多样性产生严重影响,需密切关注其种群动态。【结论】本研究利用环境DNA宏条形码技术对北京地区的鱼类多样性开展调查,有助于了解现阶段北京地区鱼类资源的本底数据,同时为原生鱼类的保护和外来入侵鱼类的监管提供科学指导。【Aim】To investigate species diversity and community patterns of freshwater fish and assess the potential invasiveness of non-native fish in the Beijing area.【Method】We sampled 33 sites from three types of freshwater ecosystems in Beijing,including reservoirs,lakes,and rivers,during June 10-17,2020.We used the environmental DNA metabarcoding approach to analyze species diversity,classified the identified fish into native and non-native species.Lastly,a risk-screening procedure was performed to assess the invasion risk of alien invasive fish in Beijing using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit(AS-ISK).【Result】We detected 52 species of freshwater fishes belonging to seven orders,22 families,and 43 genera.First,based on the PCOA and ANOSIM analyses,we found no significant difference in fish diversity and community composition in reservoirs,lakes,and rivers.Most of the dominant species were shared among three water types,and few were unique.Both the fish diversity and biomass at sites sampled from mountainous regions were higher than those from the urban regions,suggesting that human activities and urbanization could significantly influence freshwater fish diversity and community composition.Species richness of fish in Beijing was lower compared to historical records.A total of 39 native fish were detected in our study,which was far lower than the previous record of 83 species.We detected an increasing number of alien fish,including six invasive species,namely,Ov niloticus,Micropterus salmoides,Clarias batrachus,Clarias gabonensis,Chitala ornate,and Oreochromis tanganicae.Finally,the invasion risk assessment revealed that all six invasive fish showed high invasion risk in Beijing,which could seriously affect local species diversity,indicating that we should pay increasing attention to their population dynamics.【Conclusion】In this study,we adopted the environmental DNA metabarcoding technology to assess species diversity of freshwater fishes in Beijing.Our findings not only contribute to a be

关 键 词：环境DNA宏条形码技术 物种多样性 群落结构 本地鱼种 外来入侵鱼种 入侵风险 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]