基于气动弹性剪裁的大型风力机弯扭耦合叶片力学性能分析  

Mechanical Performance Analysis of Large Wind Turbine Bend-Twist Coupling Blade Based on Aeroelastic Tailoring

作　　者：张立[1] 缪维跑 李春[1,2] 张万福 闫阳天[1] 王博 ZHANG Li;MIAO Weipao;LI Chun;ZHANG Wanfu;YAN Yangtian;WANG Bo(School of Energy and Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海200093 [2]上海市动力工程多相流动与传热重点实验室,上海200093

出　　处：《动力工程学报》2021年第8期674-683,共10页Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51976131,51676131);上海市"科技创新行动计划"地方院校能力建设资助项目(19060502200)。

摘　　要：为分析弯扭耦合叶片的力学性能,基于三维建模软件NX二次开发建立NREL 5 MW风力机叶片壳体模型,进一步对叶片进行复合材料铺层设计,通过镜像偏置主梁纤维实现叶片气动弹性剪裁,采用CFD方法计算叶片表面压力分布,结合有限元方法对其进行模态、静力学及屈曲计算,以研究主梁偏置角度对弯扭耦合叶片力学性能的影响。结果表明:当主梁偏置角度较小时,弯扭耦合叶片表面最大应力小于传统叶片,其中以偏置角度为-15°时效果最佳,表面最大应力降幅最高为14.78%;相比传统叶片,弯扭耦合叶片各阶固有频率及屈曲因子均有所降低,且正向与反向偏置同角度的叶片固有频率和屈曲因子下降量较接近,主梁偏轴镜像铺设对叶片挥舞振动影响较大;主梁偏置角度对叶片抗屈曲能力产生一定影响,叶片临界屈曲载荷最大降幅约为78%;应重点关注弯扭耦合叶片固有频率及屈曲因子,以避免叶片固有频率与激励频率接近而产生共振,必要时可优化铺层结构以提高叶片抗屈曲能力。In order to analyze the mechanical properties of bend-twist coupling blades,the NREL 5 MW wind turbine blade shell model was established based on the secondary development of the three-dimensional modeling software NX.The composite material layup design was further carried out on the blades and aeroelastic tailoring of blades was achieved by offsetting the spar cap fiber in the mirror image.The CFD method was used to calculate the pressure distribution on the blade surface.To study the effect of the spar cap fiber offset angle on the mechanical properties of the bend-twist coupling blades,the modal,static and buckling analyses were performed in conjunction with the finite element method.Results show that when the offset angle of the spar cap is small,the maximum stress value on the surface of the bend-twist coupling blade is smaller than that of the traditional blade.The effect is best when the offset angle is-15°and the maximum stress value decreases by 14.78%.Compared with the conventional blades,the natural frequencies and buckling factors of each order of the bend-twist coupling blades all decrease,and their decrease are close when the angle of forward and reverse offset are the same.The off-axis mirror laying of the spar cap has a great influence on the flapwise vibration of the blade.The offset angle of the spar cap has a certain influence on the anti-buckling ability of the blade and the maximum buckling load of the blade is reduced by about 78%.The natural frequency and buckling factor of the bend-twist coupling blades should be paid more attention to avoid the resonance between the natural frequency of the blade and the excitation frequency.If necessary,the laminate structure should be optimized to improve the anti-buckling ability of the bend-twist coupling blades.

关 键 词：风力机叶片 气动弹性剪裁 弯扭耦合 二次开发 复合材料 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]