铁、镉及其互作对水稻光合原初反应的影响  

Effects of Iron, Cadmium and Their Interaction on the Primary Reaction of Photosynthesis in Rice

作　　者：杨磊 金延迪 刘侯俊[1] Yang Lei;Jin Yandi;Liu Houjun(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《作物杂志》2021年第4期144-151,共8页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200200);辽宁省自然科学基金(2020-MS-200)。

摘　　要：铁(Fe)在植物光合作用中发挥着重要作用,而镉(Cd)则对光合作用产生多方面的干扰。叶绿素荧光能够反映光合系统活性及电子传递效率。研究Fe、Cd及其交互作用对光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,揭示水稻光合原初反应对Fe、Cd处理的响应及其机制。采用土培盆栽方式,研究0(Fe0)、1.0(Fe1)和2.0g/kg(Fe2)3个Fe浓度以及0(Cd0)和2.0mg/kg(Cd2)2个Cd浓度处理下水稻光合作用参数、叶绿素荧光参数和即时荧光动力学曲线(OJIP)的变化规律。结果表明,水稻生长前期Fe1处理光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)及叶绿素荧光强度提高,而Fe2和Cd2处理均降低。水稻生长后期Fe1和Fe2处理均有利于维持较高的P_(n)、C_(i)、G_(s)及叶绿素荧光强度,但Cd对这些指标表现为抑制作用。水稻生长前期,Fe、Cd均提高最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m)),生长后期Fe0Cd2或Fe2Cd2处理F_(v)/F_(m)却显著降低。Fe1处理不仅对水稻光合作用具有明显促进作用,还能缓解Cd对光合作用的干扰,而Fe2处理显著抑制光合作用,降低水稻干物质累积。Cd2处理导致光合作用下降,同时扰乱Fe在光合作用中的生理功能。因此,稻田土壤中施用适量的铁肥有利于促进水稻光合作用,降低Cd毒害。Iron(Fe) plays an important role in plant photosynthesis, while cadmium(Cd) causes various interferes in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll fluorescence reflects photosynthetic efficiency and electron transfer characteristics. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of Fe, Cd and their interactions on photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll fluorescence in rice. The pot experiment was designed to investigate photosynthetic indexes, chlorophyll fluorescence indexes, and OJIP curve under different Fe and Cd supplements in soil. The rate of Fe addition was 0(Fe0), 1.0(Fe1) and 2.0 g/kg(Fe2), while Cd was 0(Cd0) and 2.0 mg/kg(Cd2). The results showed that Fe1 treatment increased photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(G_(s)), intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i)), and fluorescence intensity at the early stage, while Fe2 and Cd2 decreased these indexes. At the late stages(after the booting stage), Fe1 and Fe2 were beneficial for rice to keep high P_(n), G_(s), C_(i) and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity but Cd2 still decreased these indexes. Fe or Cd increased the maximum photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m)) at the early stages, while at the late stages, Cd alone or Cd and high Fe together significantly decreased F_(v)/F_(m). Fe1 significantly promoted the photosynthesis of rice and alleviated the interference of Cd on photosynthesis, while Fe2 significantly inhibited photosynthesis and reduced dry matter accumulation in rice. Cd2 decreased photosynthesis and disturbed the physiological function of Fe during photosynthesis. Therefore, proper application of Fe fertilizer can promote the photosynthesis of rice and reduce Cd toxicity.

关 键 词：铁 镉 水稻 光合原初反应 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]