清季江督之争与丁未政潮的一个新解释  

Reinterpreting the Competition for the Governorship of Liangjiang Region and the Political Turmoil in 1907

作　　者：韩策[1] Han Ce

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《近代史研究》2021年第4期55-69,160,F0003,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：辛丑回銮后,清廷为重树权威,裁抑东南互保的"抗旨"势力,同时为增强北洋实力以拱卫京畿,开始扶植袁世凯加强对江南财赋之区的控制;而袁世凯也借此将北洋势力逐步向南洋扩张,此一进程可称之为"北洋下南洋"。这使得两江总督的争夺白热化,严重冲击了南北派系平衡,积累了难以调和的矛盾,是酿成丁未政潮中统治高层激烈斗争的关键因素。除了清流浊流的分野外,瞿鸿禨和袁世凯交恶的重要原因是,北洋强势南下,湘人瞿鸿禨虽努力调护,南洋的湘系势力仍遭受重挫,瞿也因之孤立。岑春煊之所以发动政潮,反对奕劻、袁世凯,部分也是由于运动江督连续受阻,其与周馥、端方交恶,实有竞争江督的因素在。丙午官制改革后的政治安排,诱发了奕劻和瞿鸿禨的直接冲突,而瞿鸿禨公开揽权、奕劻病重、东三省用人等因素,都刺激了政潮的发生,但奕劻、袁世凯和瞿鸿禨的关系还可重新检讨。Once returning to the Forbidden City in 1901,the Royal Government of Qing Dynasty decided to restrain the autonomous trends of southeast provinces and strengthen the Beiyang Force to protect the capital city,in a bid to reestablish the authority of the Royal Government.So it empowered Yuan Shikai to take control of the Jiangnan Region,the major area of state revenue.By taking this opportunity,Yuan Shikai attempted to expand the influences of the Beiyang Force southward.As a result,Yuan Shikai and local political forces of the Jiangnan Region were involved in an all-out competition for the governorship of Liangjiang Region.Destabilizing the balance between the North Faction and the South Faction and making their relations beyond repair,this competition was a crucial factor that galvanized the high-level political jockeying in the Political Turmoil of 1907.An important reason behind the animosity between Qu Hongji and Yuan Shikai lied in the failure of Qu Hongji to defend the position of the Hunan Faction in the face of the intrusion of Beiyang Force under the leadership of Yuan Shikai.Qu was politically isolated as a result.Cen Chunxuan initiated political reform to counter Yi Kuang and Yuan Shikai,but he also attempted to improve his chance of winning the governorship of Liangjiang Region by doing so.At the time,Cen’s efforts for winning the governorship were frustrated and he was at odds with Zhou Fu and Duan Fang.Political arrangements after the bureaucracy reform of 1906 triggered the direct confrontation between Yi Kuang and Qu Hongji.Such factors like Qu Hongji’s thirst for more political power,Yi Kuang’s serious illness and personnel shortages in the Northeast Provinces contributed to the Political Turmoil in 1907.However,more efforts are needed to revisit the triangular relationships among Yi Kuang,Yuan Shikai and Qu Hongji.

关 键 词：两江总督 丁未政潮 袁世凯 瞿鸿禨 岑春煊 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K252[政治法律—中外政治制度]