阿拉伯社会运动中社交媒体的特征、演化及影响  

Characteristics,Evolution and Impact of Social Media in Social Movements in the Arab World

作　　者：佘纲正 景嘉伊 She Gangzheng;Jing Jiayi

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际关系学系,北京100084 [2]清华大学新闻与传播学院,北京100084

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2021年第4期97-118,159,共23页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：2010年底以来,阿拉伯世界掀起了两波声势浩大的社会运动浪潮,而社交媒体在这之中都发挥了独特而重要的作用。在从以“社交”为动力的个人电脑互联网时代升级为以“场景”为核心的移动互联网时代的大背景下,社交媒体传播工具实现了从单纯建立人际联结到更加注重情感体验的智能化和视频化转向;青年和意见领袖相结合成为参与主体,同时女性在性别鸿沟加剧的逆境中持续发声的努力也更加凸显;舆论场中的民间、官方和国际社会三方呈现出割裂与碰撞并存的局面,而信息战攻防强度升级与平台“武器化”的新趋势则进一步增加了撕裂对立的风险。考虑到以美国为代表的西方国家对全球社交媒体平台的技术垄断及信息流操纵,包括阿拉伯世界在内的发展中国家需要以更加全面和审慎的态度看待媒介技术赋权。在利用社交媒体更快发现和掌握自身社会治理问题的同时,阿拉伯国家也应当加大关键平台的建设力度并提高其管理水平,掌握舆论情势引导的自主权,以避免意识形态领域的真空或混乱。In the past ten years,the Arab world has witnessed two waves of social movements,and in both cases social media has played an important role.On the basis of reviewing related researches on social media and social movements,this article adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines political sociology and communication,trying to reveal the changes in the Middle East over the last decade through the three-dimensional analysis of“tools-people-content”with a particular focus on important characteristics,evolution,and impact of social media.In the context of upgrade from the PC Internet driven by“social network”to the Mobile Internet with“scene”as the core,the popularization of smart phones and videos in communication tools,the fact that women continue to speak out in the adversity of increasing gender gap,as well as the intensification of information warfare in terms of content and the“weaponization”of the platform have become prominent features of social media in current social movements in the Arab world.In the face of the current situation of technology monopoly and information flows manipulation by the West in general and the United States in particular,the Arabs need to take a more comprehensive and cautious approach to media technology empowerment,and find a way to secure their independence regarding public discourse.All these findings could help us better grasp the issues and direction of social governance in Arab countries.

关 键 词：中东剧变 阿拉伯国家 社会运动 社交媒体 传播技术 媒介环境 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学] D815.4[政治法律—国际关系]