堆肥厂生物气溶胶释放和迁移特征研究  

Characteristics of Bioaerosol Release and Migration in Composting Plant

作　　者：郑苇 陈子璇 高波 马换梅 李波 ZHENG Wei;CHEN Zi-xuan;GAO Bo;MA Huan-mei;LI Bo(North China Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute,Tianjin 300074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司,天津300074

出　　处：《环境科技》2021年第4期74-78,共5页Environmental Science and Technology

基　　金：住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目(2021-K-119);住房和城乡建设部科技示范项目(2021-S-051)。

摘　　要：随着垃圾分类政策的实施,有机垃圾产量的攀升,堆肥作为一种减量化、资源化效果良好的处理方式被广泛应用。然而,堆肥过程中释放出的生物气溶胶危害着人体健康。为控制气溶胶污染,通过总结不同堆肥物料、操作过程、气候和温度条件下生物气溶胶的产生规律,将培养法和分子生物学法鉴定生物气溶胶的物种差异进行对比,同时对影响生物气溶胶迁移距离的因素进行分析。建议堆肥厂在破碎、筛分及翻垛过程中加强通风和气体处理,为操作工人提供防护服、口罩和面具等护具,设置卫生防护距离不低于500 m。With the implementation of garbage classification policy,the quantities of organic waste increased year by year.Compost is a kind of widely used treatment method on account of good reduction and recycling effect.However,composting inevitably generates bioaerosols,which have been hazardous to human health.In order to control bioaerosol pollution,this paper summarized the production rules of bioaerosols in composting plants under different composting materials,operation process,climate,and temperature conditions.The differences of microbial cultivation and molecular biology assay in bioaerosol species detection were compared.The factors that affect the bioaerosol migration distance around the composting plant were also analyzed.The recommendation of strengthen ventilation and gas treatment during crushing,screening,and turning operations was suggested,and personal protective devices to reduce the bioaerosol exposure was proposed.Furthermore,the composting plant should set a hygienic protection distance of at least 500 m.

关 键 词：有机垃圾 好氧堆肥 生物气溶胶 释放因素 迁移距离 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]