江西于都某钨矿区土壤重金属特征及生态风险评价  

Characteristics and ecological risk of soil heavy metals of a Tungsten mine in Yudu,Jiangxi Province

作　　者：郭俊刚[1,2,3] 赵恒勤 卞孝东[1,2,3] 孙晓艳 GUO Jungang;ZHAO Hengqin;BIAN Xiaodong;SUN Xiaoyan(Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,CAGS,Zhengzhou 450006,Henan,China;Key Laboratory for Polymetallic Ores'Evaluation and Utilization,MNR,Zhengzhou 450006,Henan,China;Northwest China Center for Geosience Innovation,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所,河南郑州450006 [2]自然资源部多金属矿重点实验室,河南郑州450006 [3]西北地质科技创新中心,陕西西安710054 [4]黄河水利职业技术学院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《地质通报》2021年第7期1195-1202,共8页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目《江西于都地区钨等矿产绿色利用调查评价》(编号:DD20190625);河南省科技攻关项目《胡敏酸诱导富集植物吸收Pb修复重金属污染土壤方法及微观机理研究》(编号:202102310593);开封市科技攻关项目《典型污灌区农田土壤重金属高效功能菌群原位矿化修复技术研究》(编号:2002003)。

摘　　要：金属矿产资源的持续开发活动通常会导致矿区土壤重金属含量累积,厘清土壤重金属环境污染特征并评价其生态风险,可为监测土壤环境质量和预防土壤污染提供依据。选择江西于都某百年开采钨矿山,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,对其周边土壤中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As、Hg污染特征及潜在生态风险进行调查评价。评价结果表明,研究区土壤受到Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As等重金属的污染,单因子污染指数分别为6.74、3.72、45.1、3.36、8.88;综合污染评价表明,Cd是主要污染贡献因子,其次为As、Cu、Pb、Zn;土壤综合潜在生态风险指数平均值高达2065,属很强生态风险;强生态风险及以上区域主要分布在矿山周边及矿山下游河道附近,分布面积约占研究区总面积的43.89%;研究区土壤重金属相关性分析表明,Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb之间具有显著的相关性。综合研究结果可知,该区域土壤Cd具有一定的潜在生态风险,应引起充分重视,矿山开发利用可能是导致Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb污染的主要原因。The accumulation of heavy metals in soil is generally originated from the persistent exploitation in the mining area,thus clarifying the environmental pollution characteristics of heavy metals in soil and evaluating the ecological risk can provide a basis for monitoring soil environmental quality and preventing soil pollution.A tungsten mine with history of a hundred years in Yudu of southern Jiangxi Province was selected as a case study.Based on the assaying data,single-factor index and Nemerow multifactor index methods were used to assess the quality of soil,then the potential ecological risks of the eight heavy metals were evaluated by Hakanson potential ecological risk index method.The evaluation results show that the single-factor pollution index of Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb and As are 6.74,3.72,45.1,3.36,8.88,respectively.Cd contributes most to the Nemerow composite pollution index,followed by As,Cu,Pb,and Zn.The average value of the comprehensive potential ecological risk index reaches up to 2065,indicating strong potential hazard.The areas with strong potential heavy metals ecological risk account for 43.89%,which are mainly distributed around mines and their downstream near the river.Correlation analysis of soil heavy metals in the study area shows that Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb are significantly correlated.In conclusion,Cd has a certain potential ecological risk and should be paid more attention,and mineral exploitation activities may be the primary cause of Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb pollution.

关 键 词：于都 钨矿 土壤 重金属 污染特征 生态风险 

分 类 号：P618.67[天文地球—矿床学] X14[天文地球—地质学]