湘江典型河段采砂活动对河道演变影响研究  

Influence of sand mining on river regime in typical river channel of Xiangjiang River

作　　者：钟艳红 岳红艳[2] 姚仕明[2] 朱诗好 赵占超 ZHONG Yanhong;YUE Hongyan;YAO Shiming;ZHU Shihao;ZHAO Zhanchao(Dongting Lake Water Conservancy Affair Center of Hunan Province,Changsha 410007,China;Key Laboratory of River and Lake Control and Flood Control,Ministry of Water Resources of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省洞庭湖水利事务中心,湖南长沙410007 [2]长江科学院水利部江湖治理与防洪重点实验室,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第8期10-15,29,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402310);国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(51579015);湖南省科技项目“湘资沅澧四水干流河道采砂影响后评价研究”(DGJ-KY-2015-003)。

摘　　要：为了深入研究湘江河道采砂对河道演变影响机理,以湘江干流典型采区河段为研究对象分析了河道上游来水水沙特性和河道近期演变规律,预测了该河段的演变趋势,初步分析了采砂活动对河段河势、防洪、航道等的影响,最后提出了相关建议。研究表明:湘潭水文站多年(1950~2015年)来年均径流量为658亿m^(3),2016~2018年来年径流量整体上呈减小的趋势。多年来(1953~2018年)年均悬移质输沙量有增有减,但近年来减小幅度明显。采区局部河段内典型横断面2017年悬沙和床沙中值粒径均有不同程度的增大;近期(2003年3月至2017年11月)分析河段内除局部位置外岸线、深泓线平面位置整体相对较为稳定,洲滩及深槽随水文年不同发生冲淤变化,累计呈现冲刷。受采砂影响,原河道水沙平衡受到破坏,河道深泓左移。预计河道向右岸摆动的可能性较小,今后该河段河势及平面形态将处于相对稳定状态。目前,采砂局部河段河道演变仍处于调整变化过程中,尚未对防洪和航道造成明显不利影响。研究成果对于今后修编湘江河道采砂规划和加强湘江采砂管理具有较大的意义。Based on the analysis of the characteristics of water and sediment from the upstream and recent evolution of the channel in the typical sand mining area of the main stream of the Xiangjiang River,we forecast the evolution trend of the channel and preliminarily analyze the influence of sand mining activities on the river regime,flood control and waterway,and finally put forward some suggestions.The results show that the average annual runoff(1950~2015)of Xiangtan gauging station was 65.8 billion m^(3),and the runoff in 2016~2018 decreased as a whole.Over the years(1953~2018),the annual average suspended sediment transport increased and decreased sometimes,but decreased significantly in recent years.In 2017,the median particle size of suspended sediment and bed sediment in the typical cross section of the local river reach in the mining area increased in varying degrees.Recently(from March 2003 to November 2017),in the analyzed river reach,except for the local shoreline,the horizontal position of thalweg line was relatively stable,and the beach and deep groove changed during the different years,showing cumulative erosion.Affected by sand mining,the water and sediment balance of the original river channel was destroyed,and the thalweg of the channel moved to the left.It is predicted that channel is less likely to swing to the right bank,and the river regime and plane shape of the reach will be relatively stable in the future.At present,the channel evolution of the local reach of sand mining is still in the process of adjustment and change,which has not yet had obvious adverse impact on flood control and waterway.The research results are of great significance to the revision of Xiangjiang River sand mining planning and the strengthening of sand mining management in the future.

关 键 词：采砂 河床演变 水沙条件 趋势预测 湘江 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]