言·意·实:荀子的言意观及其现代诠释  

Language, Thought and Reality: Syun Zih's View of Language and Meaning and Its Modern Interpretation

作　　者：余多星[1,2] 王习胜 Yu Duoxing;Wang Xisheng(Research Center of Marxism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,Anhui,China;School of Marxism,Shandong University of Political Science and Law,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学马克思主义研究中心,安徽芜湖241000 [2]山东政法学院马克思主义学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《学术探索》2021年第8期22-29,共8页Academic Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(14ZDB014)。

摘　　要：荀子基于儒家名实观的理论背景对言意关系给予了极大的关切,他从孔孟“正名以正政”的名实观立场出发,提出了言与意互相影响、互相促进的辩证观念。他以“凡同类同情者,其天官之意物也同”为认识论依据,基于“类”“理”“故”三个核心概念的运用,通过对“王者制名”“君子之言”和“圣人之辩”的描述与讨论,表达了言能尽意的思想,从而形成了系统的言意观。从现代语言哲学的视角分析言与意的关系,发现言之所以不能尽意原因在于:一是人们没有真正厘清语言、思想和实在三者之间的关系;二是人们混淆了语义和思义两个概念的关系;三是人们未能真正把握语言达意功能的特点。荀子的言能尽意观点对现代语言哲学研究具有极高的启发和借鉴意义。Based on the Confucian theory of name and reality,Syun Zih paid great attention to the relationship between language and meanings.Starting from the standpoint of the theory of name and reality of Confucius and Mencius,he put forward the dialectical concept that language and meanings influence and promote each other.Based on the epistemological basis of“every sympathizer of the same kind has the same meaning and thing of heavenly officials”,and by using the three core concepts of“kind”,“principle”and“reason”,he expressed the thought that words can fully express the meaning through the description and discussion of“the king making name”,“the gentleman's speech”and“the sage's argument”,and thus the systematic view of speech and meaning came into being.From the perspective of modern philosophy of language,this paper analyzes the relationship between speech and meaning,and finds that the reasons why speech cannot fully express its meaning lie in the following:First,people do not really make clear the relationship between language,thought and reality;second,people confuse the relationship between semantic and semantic concepts.Third,people do not really grasp the characteristics of the meaning function of language.Syun Zih's view on the full meaning of speech is of great inspiration and reference to the study of modern philosophy of language.

关 键 词：荀子 名实之辩 言意之辩 言能尽意 语言哲学 

分 类 号：D222.6[政治法律—政治学]