儒家的突围与失落:阳明心学之发生及其狂禅化问题探究——以制度与文化为视角  

The Breakthrough and Loss of Confucianism:The Origin of Yangming's Theory of Mind——From the Perspectives of System and Culture

作　　者：王凯[1] 成积春[1] Wang Kai;Cheng Jichun(School of History and Culture,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《学术探索》2021年第8期39-47,共9页Academic Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学重大招标项目(13&ZD108);2017年度山东省高等学校人文社科重大委托项目(J17RA149)。

摘　　要：帝制时代,加强皇权是制度变迁的主要动因,明初,宰相制度废除,皇权空前加强,由此导致制度变迁的停滞与僵化。专制制度造成文化内卷,儒家文化的革命精神遭到了扼杀,彻底沦为专制统治的工具。阳明心学及其狂禅化进路是一场儒家文化的自我革命,是儒家革命真精神的体现,这也是专制制度不能容忍的,后来其向民间社会发展,希望依靠所谓的民间社会资源与专制制度支持的程朱理学争夺文化权力,这在专制时代同样是不可能实现的。就自身而言,阳明心学及其后学的文化革命过于空谈心性,并没有处理好儒家义利之辩等问题,且矫枉过正,最终流于泛道德主义的空谈。In the feudal era,strengthening the imperial power was the main cause of institutional change.In the early Ming Dynasty,the prime minister system was abolished and the imperial power was unprecedentedly strengthened,which led to the stagnation and rigidity of institutional change.This autocratic system resulted in cultural involution,and the revolutionary spirit of Confucian culture was strangled and completely reduced to the tool of autocratic rule.Yangming's theory of mind and its crazy Zen approach is a self-revolution of Confucian culture and the embodiment of the true spirit of Confucian revolution,which was also intolerable by the autocratic system.Later,it developed to the civil society,hoping to rely on the so-called civil society resources to compete for cultural power with Chengzhu Neo-Confucianism supported by the autocratic system.This is also impossible to achieve in the autocratic era.As for itself,the cultural revolution of Yangming's theory of mind and its later scholars did not deal well with the issue of Confucian debate on justice and benefit,leading to over-correction and ending up in the empty talk of Pan-moralism.

关 键 词：王阳明 心学 李贽 狂禅 制度束缚 

分 类 号：D248.2[政治法律—政治学]