口罩带子减压装置在新型冠状病毒肺炎患者耳部压力性损伤中的应用  

Application of novel coronavirus pneumonia decompression device in ear pressure injury in patients with COVID-19

作　　者：董向燕 顾春红 邱移芹 王婷 汤燕萍 朱立颖 傅晟静[1] 常健[1] DONG Xiangyan;GU Chunhong;QIU Yiqin;WANG Ting;TANG Yanping;ZHU Liying;FU Chengjing;CHANG Jian(Nursing Department of Shanghai First People's Hospital,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市第一人民医院护理部,上海201620

出　　处：《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》2021年第8期849-851,856,共4页China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会国内合作项目(编号:20035800900)。

摘　　要：目的制作一种一次性挂耳式口罩减压装置,并观察其在新型冠状病毒肺炎患者中应用的效果,以期在临床中找到预防患者长期佩戴口罩致耳部皮肤异常或伴疼痛的护理措施,并为压疮护理指南的制订提供方法和依据。方法根据临时病房现有材料对减压装置的材质、内径及功能进行设计。选取2020年2月23日—2020年4月4日期间入住武汉雷神山医院某一病区≥2周的80例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者为研究对象,调查并分析长期佩戴口罩患者使用口罩带子减压装置前后耳部皮肤异常的发生情况、耳郭疼痛的发生率及患者对其临床使用的满意度。结果减压装置使用前出现耳部皮肤异常者共有66例,总发生率为85.70%,其中皮肤发红者57例、1期压力性损伤者9例;耳痛者69例。减压装置使用后出现耳部皮肤异常者共4例,总发生率为5.19%,其中皮肤发红者2例、1期压力性损伤者2例;耳痛者5例。差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者使用后的满意度大幅度提高,由原来的66.23%提高至94.80%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论口罩带子减压装置可预防新型冠状病毒肺炎患者长期佩戴口罩致耳部皮肤异常情况的发生,缓解患者的耳郭疼痛。其临床应用安全、可靠、便捷,具有较高的护患满意度,值得推广使用。Objective to develop a novel coronavirus decompression device with a disposable ear cap,and observe its effect in the application of COVID-19 patients,so as to find out nursing measures to prevent abnormal ear pain or pain in patients wearing masks for a long time,and provide methods and basis for the formulation of nursing guidelines for pressure ulcer.Methods According to the existing materials of the temporary ward,the material,inner diameter and function of the decompression device were designed.80 novel coronavirus pneumonia patients who were admitted to the Raytheon Hill Hospital for more than 2 weeks in 2020.02.23-2020.04.04 were selected as the subjects.The incidence of ear abnormalities,the incidence of auricle pain and the satisfaction of patients to their clinical use were investigated and analyzed.Results There were 66 cases of abnormal ear skin before the use of decompression device,the total inci⁃dence rate was 85.70%,including 57 cases of skin redness,9 cases of stage 1 pressure injury,and 69 cases of ear pain.There were 4 cases of abnormal ear skin after the use of decompression device,the total incidence rate was 5.19%,in⁃cluding 2 cases of skin redness,2 cases of stage 1 pressure injury,and 5 cases of earache.The difference was statistical⁃ly significant(P<0.05).The satisfaction of the patients was improved significantly from 66.23%to 94.80%,the differ⁃ence was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The novel coronavirus pneumonia band decompression device can prevent the occurrence of abnormal ear skin in patients with COVID-19 and relieve the auricle pain.Its clinical ap⁃plication is safe,reliable and convenient,with a high degree of nurse patient satisfaction,which is worth popularizing.

关 键 词：口罩 减压装置 新型冠状病毒肺炎 设计 应用 

分 类 号：R472.4[医药卫生—护理学]